Abstract
The report includes the 1997 monitoring results from the rural air and precipitation chemistry network in Norway. In 1997, main components in precipitation were measured at 33 sites. Trace elements were determined at 14 sites, air concentrations of sulphur and nitrogen compounds at 13 sites and ozone concentrations at 14 sites. An overview of the measurement programme is given in appendix B2. The highest mean volume weighted concentrations of sulphate, nitrate, ammonium and strong acid in precipitation were found along the southern Norwegian coast. The lowest values were measured in the central and northern parts of Norway. In almost all parts of the country the mean pollutant concentrations in precipitation were generally lower in 1997 compared to 1996. At most places in Norway pollutant deposition was generally the lowest measured so far. The annual mean concentrations of sulphate and strong acid in precipitation have been decreasing since the end of the 1970's. Since 1980 the content of sulphate has decreased by about 40-55% in southern Norway and by about 50-60% in northern Norway. The observed reductions in concentration levels are in agreement with reported downwards trends in pollutant emissions in Europe. There is no significant decrease in nitrogen compounds in
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Citation Formats
Luekewille, A, Manoe, S, and Toerseth, K.
Monitoring of long range transported pollutants. Annual report for 1997; Overvaaking av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedboer. Atmosfaerisk tilfoersel, 1997.
Norway: N. p.,
1998.
Web.
Luekewille, A, Manoe, S, & Toerseth, K.
Monitoring of long range transported pollutants. Annual report for 1997; Overvaaking av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedboer. Atmosfaerisk tilfoersel, 1997.
Norway.
Luekewille, A, Manoe, S, and Toerseth, K.
1998.
"Monitoring of long range transported pollutants. Annual report for 1997; Overvaaking av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedboer. Atmosfaerisk tilfoersel, 1997."
Norway.
@misc{etde_20122477,
title = {Monitoring of long range transported pollutants. Annual report for 1997; Overvaaking av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedboer. Atmosfaerisk tilfoersel, 1997}
author = {Luekewille, A, Manoe, S, and Toerseth, K}
abstractNote = {The report includes the 1997 monitoring results from the rural air and precipitation chemistry network in Norway. In 1997, main components in precipitation were measured at 33 sites. Trace elements were determined at 14 sites, air concentrations of sulphur and nitrogen compounds at 13 sites and ozone concentrations at 14 sites. An overview of the measurement programme is given in appendix B2. The highest mean volume weighted concentrations of sulphate, nitrate, ammonium and strong acid in precipitation were found along the southern Norwegian coast. The lowest values were measured in the central and northern parts of Norway. In almost all parts of the country the mean pollutant concentrations in precipitation were generally lower in 1997 compared to 1996. At most places in Norway pollutant deposition was generally the lowest measured so far. The annual mean concentrations of sulphate and strong acid in precipitation have been decreasing since the end of the 1970's. Since 1980 the content of sulphate has decreased by about 40-55% in southern Norway and by about 50-60% in northern Norway. The observed reductions in concentration levels are in agreement with reported downwards trends in pollutant emissions in Europe. There is no significant decrease in nitrogen compounds in precipitation. Sea salts deposited along the western coast was measured. The highest content of particulate sulphate and of nitrogen components in air and precipitation were measured in southern Norway. Due to emissions from nickel smelters in Russia the mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide were highest in Finnmark. The annual mean air concentrations of particulate sulphate have generally decreased by 45 to 60% compared to those measured in 1980. At Ny-Aalesund, annual mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide and sulphate have decreased by 58% and 54%, respectively. Since the late 1970's, the mean concentrations have shown similar developments in all parts of Norway. Due to emission reductions in Europe the values strongly decreased from 1988 to 1997. In all counties except Finnmark, dry deposition of sulphur compounds in 1997 was assessed to be 5-17% of the total deposition during winter and 19-41% during the growing season. Generally the contribution of dry deposition to total deposition was higher for nitrogen than for sulphur compounds. The largest annual mean concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc in precipitation were measured in southern Norway. Then concentrations decreased by about 60-80% over the period 1978 to 1997. Due to emissions in Russia the levels of arsenic, copper, nickel and cobalt were relatively high in Soer-Varanger. Ozone concentrations vary significantly over the year with the highest monthly averages in March and April. In 1997 concentration levels frequently exceeded the recommended air quality guidelines. The air quality guideline given by Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (Statens forurensningstilsyn) for protection of human health (100 microgram/m{sub 3} as hourly mean) was exceeded at all sites. Three sites experienced hourly average values above the ECE critical level for protection of vegetation of 140 microgram/m{sub 3}. The critical level of 50 microgram/m{sub 3} as mean value during the growing season was exceeded at all sites. Similarly was the critical level of 60 microgram/m{sub 3} as mean value during the growing season exceeded at all sites. The critical level for accumulated ozone exposure above the threshold of 80 microgram,/m{sub 3} (40 ppb), (termed AOT40) was for crops exceeded at eight sites. The critical level for forests was not exceeded at any site. There was a significant reduction in the levels of mercury in air during the period 1992 to 1997. Concentration of lead, cadmium and zinc increased over the same period. This is opposite to the trend observed in precipitation chemistry and may b caused by an increased influence of emissions in Eastern Europe. The air concentration of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) in Ny-Aalesund has decreased since the early 1980's, reflecting the reduced application of the technical mixture of this insecticide. The concentration of HCH at Lista is generally about a factor of two higher than the levels found in Ny-Aalesund.}
place = {Norway}
year = {1998}
month = {May}
}
title = {Monitoring of long range transported pollutants. Annual report for 1997; Overvaaking av langtransportert forurenset luft og nedboer. Atmosfaerisk tilfoersel, 1997}
author = {Luekewille, A, Manoe, S, and Toerseth, K}
abstractNote = {The report includes the 1997 monitoring results from the rural air and precipitation chemistry network in Norway. In 1997, main components in precipitation were measured at 33 sites. Trace elements were determined at 14 sites, air concentrations of sulphur and nitrogen compounds at 13 sites and ozone concentrations at 14 sites. An overview of the measurement programme is given in appendix B2. The highest mean volume weighted concentrations of sulphate, nitrate, ammonium and strong acid in precipitation were found along the southern Norwegian coast. The lowest values were measured in the central and northern parts of Norway. In almost all parts of the country the mean pollutant concentrations in precipitation were generally lower in 1997 compared to 1996. At most places in Norway pollutant deposition was generally the lowest measured so far. The annual mean concentrations of sulphate and strong acid in precipitation have been decreasing since the end of the 1970's. Since 1980 the content of sulphate has decreased by about 40-55% in southern Norway and by about 50-60% in northern Norway. The observed reductions in concentration levels are in agreement with reported downwards trends in pollutant emissions in Europe. There is no significant decrease in nitrogen compounds in precipitation. Sea salts deposited along the western coast was measured. The highest content of particulate sulphate and of nitrogen components in air and precipitation were measured in southern Norway. Due to emissions from nickel smelters in Russia the mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide were highest in Finnmark. The annual mean air concentrations of particulate sulphate have generally decreased by 45 to 60% compared to those measured in 1980. At Ny-Aalesund, annual mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide and sulphate have decreased by 58% and 54%, respectively. Since the late 1970's, the mean concentrations have shown similar developments in all parts of Norway. Due to emission reductions in Europe the values strongly decreased from 1988 to 1997. In all counties except Finnmark, dry deposition of sulphur compounds in 1997 was assessed to be 5-17% of the total deposition during winter and 19-41% during the growing season. Generally the contribution of dry deposition to total deposition was higher for nitrogen than for sulphur compounds. The largest annual mean concentrations of lead, cadmium and zinc in precipitation were measured in southern Norway. Then concentrations decreased by about 60-80% over the period 1978 to 1997. Due to emissions in Russia the levels of arsenic, copper, nickel and cobalt were relatively high in Soer-Varanger. Ozone concentrations vary significantly over the year with the highest monthly averages in March and April. In 1997 concentration levels frequently exceeded the recommended air quality guidelines. The air quality guideline given by Norwegian Pollution Control Authority (Statens forurensningstilsyn) for protection of human health (100 microgram/m{sub 3} as hourly mean) was exceeded at all sites. Three sites experienced hourly average values above the ECE critical level for protection of vegetation of 140 microgram/m{sub 3}. The critical level of 50 microgram/m{sub 3} as mean value during the growing season was exceeded at all sites. Similarly was the critical level of 60 microgram/m{sub 3} as mean value during the growing season exceeded at all sites. The critical level for accumulated ozone exposure above the threshold of 80 microgram,/m{sub 3} (40 ppb), (termed AOT40) was for crops exceeded at eight sites. The critical level for forests was not exceeded at any site. There was a significant reduction in the levels of mercury in air during the period 1992 to 1997. Concentration of lead, cadmium and zinc increased over the same period. This is opposite to the trend observed in precipitation chemistry and may b caused by an increased influence of emissions in Eastern Europe. The air concentration of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) in Ny-Aalesund has decreased since the early 1980's, reflecting the reduced application of the technical mixture of this insecticide. The concentration of HCH at Lista is generally about a factor of two higher than the levels found in Ny-Aalesund.}
place = {Norway}
year = {1998}
month = {May}
}