Abstract
At present, gyrotron oscillators are mainly used as high power millimeter wave sources for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and diagnostics of magnetically confined plasmas for generation of energy by controlled thermonuclear fusion. 140 GHz gyrotrons with output power P{sub out} = 0.58 MW, pulse length {tau} = 2.0 s and efficiency {eta} = 34% are commercially available. Diagnostic gyrotrons deliver P{sub out} = 40 kW with {tau} = 40 {mu}s at frequencies up to 650 GHz ({eta} {>=} 4%). Recently, gyrotron oscillators have also been successfully used in material processing and plasma chemistry. Such technological applications require gyrotrons with the following parameters: f {>=} 28 GHz, P{sub out} = 10-30 kW, CW, {eta} {>=} 30%. This paper reports on achievements and problems related to the development of very high power mm-wave gyrotrons for long pulse or CW operation and describes the microwave technological pecularities of the different development steps. In addition, this work gives a short overview of the present development of gyrotrons for technological applications, quasi-optical gyrotrons, cyclotron autoresonance masers (CARMs), gyro-klystrons, gyro-TWT amplifiers, gyro-BWO`s and free electron masers (FEMs). The most impressive FEM output parameters are: P{sub out} = 2 GW, {tau} = 20 ns, {eta} =
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Citation Formats
Thumm, M.
State-of-the-art of high power gyro-devices and free electron masers.
Germany: N. p.,
1993.
Web.
Thumm, M.
State-of-the-art of high power gyro-devices and free electron masers.
Germany.
Thumm, M.
1993.
"State-of-the-art of high power gyro-devices and free electron masers."
Germany.
@misc{etde_10153530,
title = {State-of-the-art of high power gyro-devices and free electron masers}
author = {Thumm, M}
abstractNote = {At present, gyrotron oscillators are mainly used as high power millimeter wave sources for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and diagnostics of magnetically confined plasmas for generation of energy by controlled thermonuclear fusion. 140 GHz gyrotrons with output power P{sub out} = 0.58 MW, pulse length {tau} = 2.0 s and efficiency {eta} = 34% are commercially available. Diagnostic gyrotrons deliver P{sub out} = 40 kW with {tau} = 40 {mu}s at frequencies up to 650 GHz ({eta} {>=} 4%). Recently, gyrotron oscillators have also been successfully used in material processing and plasma chemistry. Such technological applications require gyrotrons with the following parameters: f {>=} 28 GHz, P{sub out} = 10-30 kW, CW, {eta} {>=} 30%. This paper reports on achievements and problems related to the development of very high power mm-wave gyrotrons for long pulse or CW operation and describes the microwave technological pecularities of the different development steps. In addition, this work gives a short overview of the present development of gyrotrons for technological applications, quasi-optical gyrotrons, cyclotron autoresonance masers (CARMs), gyro-klystrons, gyro-TWT amplifiers, gyro-BWO`s and free electron masers (FEMs). The most impressive FEM output parameters are: P{sub out} = 2 GW, {tau} = 20 ns, {eta} = 13% at 140 GHz (LLNL) and P{sub out} = 15 kW, {tau} = 20 {mu}s, {eta} = 5% in the range from 120 to 900 GHz (UCSB). (orig.) [Deutsch] Gyrotronoszillatoren werden derzeit vorwiegend als Hochleistungsmillimeterwellenquellen fuer die Elektron-Zyklotron-Resonanzheizung (ECRH) und Diagnostik von magnetisch eingeschlossenen Plasmen zur Erforschung der Energiegewinnung durch kontrollierte Kernfusion eingesetzt. 140 GHz Gyrotrons mit einer Ausgangsleistung von P{sub out} = 0.58 MW bei Pulslaengen von {tau} = 2.0 s und Wirkungsgraden von {eta} = 34% sind kommerziell erhaeltlich. Gyrotrons zur Plasmadiagnostik erreichen Frequenzen bis zu 650 GHz bei P{sub out} = 40 kW und {tau} = 40 {mu}s ({eta} {>=} 4%). In juengster Zeit jedoch finden Gyrotronoszillatoren auch fuer technologische Prozesse und in der Plasmachemie erfolgreich Verwendung. Dabei werden Roehren mit folgenden Parametern eingesetzt: f {>=} 28 GHz, P{sub out} = 10-30 kW, CW, {eta} {>=} 30%. In diesem Beitrag wird auf den aktuellen Stand und die Probleme bei der Entwicklung von Hochleistungs-mm-Wellen-Gyrotrons fuer Langpuls- und Dauerstrichbetrieb sowie auf die mikrowellentechnischen Besonderheiten der einzelnen Entwicklungsphasen eingegangen. Ausserdem wird auch kurz ueber den neuesten Stand der Entwicklung von Gyrotrons fuer technologische Anwendungen, quasi-optischen Gyrotrons, Zyklotron-Autoresonanz-Masern (CARMs), Gyroklystrons, Gyro-TWT-Verstaerkern, Gyro-Rueckwaertswellenoszillatoren (BWOs) und Frei-Elektronen-Maser (FEM) berichtet. FEM-Rekordausgangsparameter sind hier: P{sub out} = 2 GW, {tau} = 20 ns, {eta} = 13% bei 140 GHz (LLNL) und P{sub out} = 15 kW, {tau} = 20 {mu}s, {eta} = 5% im Bereich von 120 bis 900 GHz (UCSB). (orig.)}
place = {Germany}
year = {1993}
month = {Oct}
}
title = {State-of-the-art of high power gyro-devices and free electron masers}
author = {Thumm, M}
abstractNote = {At present, gyrotron oscillators are mainly used as high power millimeter wave sources for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and diagnostics of magnetically confined plasmas for generation of energy by controlled thermonuclear fusion. 140 GHz gyrotrons with output power P{sub out} = 0.58 MW, pulse length {tau} = 2.0 s and efficiency {eta} = 34% are commercially available. Diagnostic gyrotrons deliver P{sub out} = 40 kW with {tau} = 40 {mu}s at frequencies up to 650 GHz ({eta} {>=} 4%). Recently, gyrotron oscillators have also been successfully used in material processing and plasma chemistry. Such technological applications require gyrotrons with the following parameters: f {>=} 28 GHz, P{sub out} = 10-30 kW, CW, {eta} {>=} 30%. This paper reports on achievements and problems related to the development of very high power mm-wave gyrotrons for long pulse or CW operation and describes the microwave technological pecularities of the different development steps. In addition, this work gives a short overview of the present development of gyrotrons for technological applications, quasi-optical gyrotrons, cyclotron autoresonance masers (CARMs), gyro-klystrons, gyro-TWT amplifiers, gyro-BWO`s and free electron masers (FEMs). The most impressive FEM output parameters are: P{sub out} = 2 GW, {tau} = 20 ns, {eta} = 13% at 140 GHz (LLNL) and P{sub out} = 15 kW, {tau} = 20 {mu}s, {eta} = 5% in the range from 120 to 900 GHz (UCSB). (orig.) [Deutsch] Gyrotronoszillatoren werden derzeit vorwiegend als Hochleistungsmillimeterwellenquellen fuer die Elektron-Zyklotron-Resonanzheizung (ECRH) und Diagnostik von magnetisch eingeschlossenen Plasmen zur Erforschung der Energiegewinnung durch kontrollierte Kernfusion eingesetzt. 140 GHz Gyrotrons mit einer Ausgangsleistung von P{sub out} = 0.58 MW bei Pulslaengen von {tau} = 2.0 s und Wirkungsgraden von {eta} = 34% sind kommerziell erhaeltlich. Gyrotrons zur Plasmadiagnostik erreichen Frequenzen bis zu 650 GHz bei P{sub out} = 40 kW und {tau} = 40 {mu}s ({eta} {>=} 4%). In juengster Zeit jedoch finden Gyrotronoszillatoren auch fuer technologische Prozesse und in der Plasmachemie erfolgreich Verwendung. Dabei werden Roehren mit folgenden Parametern eingesetzt: f {>=} 28 GHz, P{sub out} = 10-30 kW, CW, {eta} {>=} 30%. In diesem Beitrag wird auf den aktuellen Stand und die Probleme bei der Entwicklung von Hochleistungs-mm-Wellen-Gyrotrons fuer Langpuls- und Dauerstrichbetrieb sowie auf die mikrowellentechnischen Besonderheiten der einzelnen Entwicklungsphasen eingegangen. Ausserdem wird auch kurz ueber den neuesten Stand der Entwicklung von Gyrotrons fuer technologische Anwendungen, quasi-optischen Gyrotrons, Zyklotron-Autoresonanz-Masern (CARMs), Gyroklystrons, Gyro-TWT-Verstaerkern, Gyro-Rueckwaertswellenoszillatoren (BWOs) und Frei-Elektronen-Maser (FEM) berichtet. FEM-Rekordausgangsparameter sind hier: P{sub out} = 2 GW, {tau} = 20 ns, {eta} = 13% bei 140 GHz (LLNL) und P{sub out} = 15 kW, {tau} = 20 {mu}s, {eta} = 5% im Bereich von 120 bis 900 GHz (UCSB). (orig.)}
place = {Germany}
year = {1993}
month = {Oct}
}