Abstract
The storage of unchipped forest residues in windrows can maintain fuel quality and even improve it if the material is covered. Storage of chips does not offer similar advantages but it makes the handling of the fuel more efficient. The advantages of these two systems could be combined by storing material in bundles. Fresh and summer-dried forest residues (Norway spruce) were used to make bundles, which had a 160 kg/m{sup 3} bulk density. The bundles were stored in a windrow form with and without cover for the period May 1992 - February 1993. As a control, part of the windrow was unbundled and included covered and exposed regions. In addition, several separate uncovered bundles were tested. The variables tested were moisture content, dry matter loss, percentage of fines, heating value, ash content and microbial activity. Moisture content of the fresh material was 43% in May. After 9 months storage, the moisture content had declined to 26 and 30 % in covered and exposed bundles respectively. Dry matter loss was 21 % in uncovered bundles and 12 % in covered bundles stored since May. The percentage of fines was reduced after storage from 40 to 14-20 % in the different treatments.
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Citation Formats
Lehtikangas, P, and Jirjis, R.
The storage of softwood residues in bundles; Lagring av buntade hyggesrester.
Sweden: N. p.,
1993.
Web.
Lehtikangas, P, & Jirjis, R.
The storage of softwood residues in bundles; Lagring av buntade hyggesrester.
Sweden.
Lehtikangas, P, and Jirjis, R.
1993.
"The storage of softwood residues in bundles; Lagring av buntade hyggesrester."
Sweden.
@misc{etde_10150319,
title = {The storage of softwood residues in bundles; Lagring av buntade hyggesrester}
author = {Lehtikangas, P, and Jirjis, R}
abstractNote = {The storage of unchipped forest residues in windrows can maintain fuel quality and even improve it if the material is covered. Storage of chips does not offer similar advantages but it makes the handling of the fuel more efficient. The advantages of these two systems could be combined by storing material in bundles. Fresh and summer-dried forest residues (Norway spruce) were used to make bundles, which had a 160 kg/m{sup 3} bulk density. The bundles were stored in a windrow form with and without cover for the period May 1992 - February 1993. As a control, part of the windrow was unbundled and included covered and exposed regions. In addition, several separate uncovered bundles were tested. The variables tested were moisture content, dry matter loss, percentage of fines, heating value, ash content and microbial activity. Moisture content of the fresh material was 43% in May. After 9 months storage, the moisture content had declined to 26 and 30 % in covered and exposed bundles respectively. Dry matter loss was 21 % in uncovered bundles and 12 % in covered bundles stored since May. The percentage of fines was reduced after storage from 40 to 14-20 % in the different treatments. Ash content was reduced from 2.7 to 1.2-2.0 % depending on storage forms. Microbial activity was too low in all the bundles to lead to any health risks. In conclusion, good fuel quality could be maintained by storing forest residues in bundles. The bundles in this experiment were relatively loose and storage of more compact bundles could give different results. 8 refs, 2 figs, 15 tabs}
place = {Sweden}
year = {1993}
month = {Aug}
}
title = {The storage of softwood residues in bundles; Lagring av buntade hyggesrester}
author = {Lehtikangas, P, and Jirjis, R}
abstractNote = {The storage of unchipped forest residues in windrows can maintain fuel quality and even improve it if the material is covered. Storage of chips does not offer similar advantages but it makes the handling of the fuel more efficient. The advantages of these two systems could be combined by storing material in bundles. Fresh and summer-dried forest residues (Norway spruce) were used to make bundles, which had a 160 kg/m{sup 3} bulk density. The bundles were stored in a windrow form with and without cover for the period May 1992 - February 1993. As a control, part of the windrow was unbundled and included covered and exposed regions. In addition, several separate uncovered bundles were tested. The variables tested were moisture content, dry matter loss, percentage of fines, heating value, ash content and microbial activity. Moisture content of the fresh material was 43% in May. After 9 months storage, the moisture content had declined to 26 and 30 % in covered and exposed bundles respectively. Dry matter loss was 21 % in uncovered bundles and 12 % in covered bundles stored since May. The percentage of fines was reduced after storage from 40 to 14-20 % in the different treatments. Ash content was reduced from 2.7 to 1.2-2.0 % depending on storage forms. Microbial activity was too low in all the bundles to lead to any health risks. In conclusion, good fuel quality could be maintained by storing forest residues in bundles. The bundles in this experiment were relatively loose and storage of more compact bundles could give different results. 8 refs, 2 figs, 15 tabs}
place = {Sweden}
year = {1993}
month = {Aug}
}