Abstract
The annual production of pure, dry wood ash, excluding peat ash, is estimated to be somewhere between 100000 and 150000 tons in Sweden. Most of the ash is found in the forest industry. The rest, about 15%, comes from district heating and combined heat and power plants. In a future energy system, with a well developed use of biofuels, the quantity of wood ash could increase to between 300000 and 600000 tons/year. There are a number of reasons for spreading ash on forest land. Leaching due to acid deposition as well as the extraction of logging residues (used as fuel) and timber give rise to an outflow of nutrients from the forest land. However, since most of the nutrients remain in the wood ash, ash recycling can compensate for the losses. About 6 tons/ha (hectare) would be needed to balance to total nutrients outflow in the south of Sweden, whereas 4 tons/ha would probably be enough in central Sweden. To balance the nutrient outflow in logging residues, about 1.5-2 tons of ash/ha would be needed. Another possible application is the spreading of ash on heavily acidified forest land. In Sweden, some 650000 ha of forest land are estimated to fall
More>>
Aabyhammar, T;
Fahlin, M;
Henfridsson, U;
[1]
Nilsson, Anders
[2]
- Vattenfall Utveckling AB, Vaellingby (Sweden)
- EnerChem AB, Lund (Sweden)
Citation Formats
Aabyhammar, T, Fahlin, M, Henfridsson, U, and Nilsson, Anders.
Ash recycling systems. Techniques and possibilities; Askaaterfoeringssystem; Tekniker och moejligheter.
Sweden: N. p.,
1994.
Web.
Aabyhammar, T, Fahlin, M, Henfridsson, U, & Nilsson, Anders.
Ash recycling systems. Techniques and possibilities; Askaaterfoeringssystem; Tekniker och moejligheter.
Sweden.
Aabyhammar, T, Fahlin, M, Henfridsson, U, and Nilsson, Anders.
1994.
"Ash recycling systems. Techniques and possibilities; Askaaterfoeringssystem; Tekniker och moejligheter."
Sweden.
@misc{etde_10142943,
title = {Ash recycling systems. Techniques and possibilities; Askaaterfoeringssystem; Tekniker och moejligheter}
author = {Aabyhammar, T, Fahlin, M, Henfridsson, U, and Nilsson, Anders}
abstractNote = {The annual production of pure, dry wood ash, excluding peat ash, is estimated to be somewhere between 100000 and 150000 tons in Sweden. Most of the ash is found in the forest industry. The rest, about 15%, comes from district heating and combined heat and power plants. In a future energy system, with a well developed use of biofuels, the quantity of wood ash could increase to between 300000 and 600000 tons/year. There are a number of reasons for spreading ash on forest land. Leaching due to acid deposition as well as the extraction of logging residues (used as fuel) and timber give rise to an outflow of nutrients from the forest land. However, since most of the nutrients remain in the wood ash, ash recycling can compensate for the losses. About 6 tons/ha (hectare) would be needed to balance to total nutrients outflow in the south of Sweden, whereas 4 tons/ha would probably be enough in central Sweden. To balance the nutrient outflow in logging residues, about 1.5-2 tons of ash/ha would be needed. Another possible application is the spreading of ash on heavily acidified forest land. In Sweden, some 650000 ha of forest land are estimated to fall under this category. The advantage of spreading ash compared with lime is that other mineral nutrients are added to the soil at the same time. If 1 tons of ash and 2 tons of lime were to be spread per hectare, it would take over 5 years to produce enough wood ash to treat the entire area of acidified forest land. However, there are significant regional differences in supply and demand. Using existing techniques it is possible to spread ash at a cost of approximately SEK 250/ton, excluding planing and administration costs. 38 refs, 18 figs, 14 tabs}
place = {Sweden}
year = {1994}
month = {Jan}
}
title = {Ash recycling systems. Techniques and possibilities; Askaaterfoeringssystem; Tekniker och moejligheter}
author = {Aabyhammar, T, Fahlin, M, Henfridsson, U, and Nilsson, Anders}
abstractNote = {The annual production of pure, dry wood ash, excluding peat ash, is estimated to be somewhere between 100000 and 150000 tons in Sweden. Most of the ash is found in the forest industry. The rest, about 15%, comes from district heating and combined heat and power plants. In a future energy system, with a well developed use of biofuels, the quantity of wood ash could increase to between 300000 and 600000 tons/year. There are a number of reasons for spreading ash on forest land. Leaching due to acid deposition as well as the extraction of logging residues (used as fuel) and timber give rise to an outflow of nutrients from the forest land. However, since most of the nutrients remain in the wood ash, ash recycling can compensate for the losses. About 6 tons/ha (hectare) would be needed to balance to total nutrients outflow in the south of Sweden, whereas 4 tons/ha would probably be enough in central Sweden. To balance the nutrient outflow in logging residues, about 1.5-2 tons of ash/ha would be needed. Another possible application is the spreading of ash on heavily acidified forest land. In Sweden, some 650000 ha of forest land are estimated to fall under this category. The advantage of spreading ash compared with lime is that other mineral nutrients are added to the soil at the same time. If 1 tons of ash and 2 tons of lime were to be spread per hectare, it would take over 5 years to produce enough wood ash to treat the entire area of acidified forest land. However, there are significant regional differences in supply and demand. Using existing techniques it is possible to spread ash at a cost of approximately SEK 250/ton, excluding planing and administration costs. 38 refs, 18 figs, 14 tabs}
place = {Sweden}
year = {1994}
month = {Jan}
}