Abstract
The purpose of this literature search is to evaluate the significance of the pH-value and the amines for the copper release. Factors affecting the copper release are pH-value, amines, temperature, content of oxygen, complexes, water quality and carbon dioxide. As the internal environment determines and varies between different sections of the steam-condensate system, the reason for copper release is difficult to define. Copper corrosion is significant when dosing ammonia. This fact is valid especially when the content of ammonia is higher than 10 mg/l and the water is disoxygenized. If oxygen is present, the content of ammonia should be lower than 1 mg/l. The cyclohexyl amine and the other amines have low effect on the copper release when the dosing is low. AMP should not appear in such high concentrations that are required at a standstill preservation. On the assumption that the contents of ammonia are less than mentioned above, the pH-value in the steam-condensate system, where also steel is present, should be kept within a pH-value of 8.8-9.2 to decrease the risk of copper release. The pH-value has a greater effect when combined with ammonia dosing. In the material studied, pH-values between 6.5 and 9.5 are mentioned to minimize
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Bauer, T
[1]
- AaF Energikonsult AB, Stockholm (Sweden)
Citation Formats
Bauer, T.
Release of copper and copper oxides. Stage 1 - Literature search; Utloesning av koppar och kopparoxider. Etapp 1 - Litteratursoekning.
Sweden: N. p.,
1993.
Web.
Bauer, T.
Release of copper and copper oxides. Stage 1 - Literature search; Utloesning av koppar och kopparoxider. Etapp 1 - Litteratursoekning.
Sweden.
Bauer, T.
1993.
"Release of copper and copper oxides. Stage 1 - Literature search; Utloesning av koppar och kopparoxider. Etapp 1 - Litteratursoekning."
Sweden.
@misc{etde_10142850,
title = {Release of copper and copper oxides. Stage 1 - Literature search; Utloesning av koppar och kopparoxider. Etapp 1 - Litteratursoekning}
author = {Bauer, T}
abstractNote = {The purpose of this literature search is to evaluate the significance of the pH-value and the amines for the copper release. Factors affecting the copper release are pH-value, amines, temperature, content of oxygen, complexes, water quality and carbon dioxide. As the internal environment determines and varies between different sections of the steam-condensate system, the reason for copper release is difficult to define. Copper corrosion is significant when dosing ammonia. This fact is valid especially when the content of ammonia is higher than 10 mg/l and the water is disoxygenized. If oxygen is present, the content of ammonia should be lower than 1 mg/l. The cyclohexyl amine and the other amines have low effect on the copper release when the dosing is low. AMP should not appear in such high concentrations that are required at a standstill preservation. On the assumption that the contents of ammonia are less than mentioned above, the pH-value in the steam-condensate system, where also steel is present, should be kept within a pH-value of 8.8-9.2 to decrease the risk of copper release. The pH-value has a greater effect when combined with ammonia dosing. In the material studied, pH-values between 6.5 and 9.5 are mentioned to minimize copper corrosion. To keep a low electrode potential value, the water quality, and also the steam quality, should be at least of demineralized water, i.e. <0.05 mS/m}
place = {Sweden}
year = {1993}
month = {Sep}
}
title = {Release of copper and copper oxides. Stage 1 - Literature search; Utloesning av koppar och kopparoxider. Etapp 1 - Litteratursoekning}
author = {Bauer, T}
abstractNote = {The purpose of this literature search is to evaluate the significance of the pH-value and the amines for the copper release. Factors affecting the copper release are pH-value, amines, temperature, content of oxygen, complexes, water quality and carbon dioxide. As the internal environment determines and varies between different sections of the steam-condensate system, the reason for copper release is difficult to define. Copper corrosion is significant when dosing ammonia. This fact is valid especially when the content of ammonia is higher than 10 mg/l and the water is disoxygenized. If oxygen is present, the content of ammonia should be lower than 1 mg/l. The cyclohexyl amine and the other amines have low effect on the copper release when the dosing is low. AMP should not appear in such high concentrations that are required at a standstill preservation. On the assumption that the contents of ammonia are less than mentioned above, the pH-value in the steam-condensate system, where also steel is present, should be kept within a pH-value of 8.8-9.2 to decrease the risk of copper release. The pH-value has a greater effect when combined with ammonia dosing. In the material studied, pH-values between 6.5 and 9.5 are mentioned to minimize copper corrosion. To keep a low electrode potential value, the water quality, and also the steam quality, should be at least of demineralized water, i.e. <0.05 mS/m}
place = {Sweden}
year = {1993}
month = {Sep}
}