Abstract
Snowmelt runoff processes are of major importance in the hydrology of northern climates. In runoff modeling and forecasting it is therefore important to understand the metamorphic processes taking place in a snowcover and the mechanisms controling the snowmelt. Processes such as energy transfers in a snowcover, metaemorphism of snow, snowmelt generation and meltwater percolation are reviewed from existing literature. Different techniques of modeling snowmelt and meltwater percolation are also investigated. A total number of 16 different conceptual models for calculation of hourly snowmelt runoff are tested against lysimeter observations of snowmelt runoff at Svarttjoennbekken (63{sup o}19`N, 10{sup o}39`E) for the snowmelt period in 1988. The models vary in complexity. The simplest model estimating snowmelt runoff as a linear function of air temperature only, the most complex model uses air temperature and net short wave radiation as indexes for melt rate: In addition, the meltwater is routed through a two-linear-reservoir model to provide lag and attenuation of the meltwater wave percolating through the snowpack. As a reference for the performance of the conceptual models, an energy balance model is established. The energy balance model is considered to be the most reliable way of estimating snowmelt provided that necessary data are available.
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Citation Formats
Sand, K.
Modeling snowmelt runoff processes in temperate and arctic environments.
Norway: N. p.,
1990.
Web.
Sand, K.
Modeling snowmelt runoff processes in temperate and arctic environments.
Norway.
Sand, K.
1990.
"Modeling snowmelt runoff processes in temperate and arctic environments."
Norway.
@misc{etde_10141599,
title = {Modeling snowmelt runoff processes in temperate and arctic environments}
author = {Sand, K}
abstractNote = {Snowmelt runoff processes are of major importance in the hydrology of northern climates. In runoff modeling and forecasting it is therefore important to understand the metamorphic processes taking place in a snowcover and the mechanisms controling the snowmelt. Processes such as energy transfers in a snowcover, metaemorphism of snow, snowmelt generation and meltwater percolation are reviewed from existing literature. Different techniques of modeling snowmelt and meltwater percolation are also investigated. A total number of 16 different conceptual models for calculation of hourly snowmelt runoff are tested against lysimeter observations of snowmelt runoff at Svarttjoennbekken (63{sup o}19`N, 10{sup o}39`E) for the snowmelt period in 1988. The models vary in complexity. The simplest model estimating snowmelt runoff as a linear function of air temperature only, the most complex model uses air temperature and net short wave radiation as indexes for melt rate: In addition, the meltwater is routed through a two-linear-reservoir model to provide lag and attenuation of the meltwater wave percolating through the snowpack. As a reference for the performance of the conceptual models, an energy balance model is established. The energy balance model is considered to be the most reliable way of estimating snowmelt provided that necessary data are available. 102 refs., 98 figs., 24 tabs.}
place = {Norway}
year = {1990}
month = {Oct}
}
title = {Modeling snowmelt runoff processes in temperate and arctic environments}
author = {Sand, K}
abstractNote = {Snowmelt runoff processes are of major importance in the hydrology of northern climates. In runoff modeling and forecasting it is therefore important to understand the metamorphic processes taking place in a snowcover and the mechanisms controling the snowmelt. Processes such as energy transfers in a snowcover, metaemorphism of snow, snowmelt generation and meltwater percolation are reviewed from existing literature. Different techniques of modeling snowmelt and meltwater percolation are also investigated. A total number of 16 different conceptual models for calculation of hourly snowmelt runoff are tested against lysimeter observations of snowmelt runoff at Svarttjoennbekken (63{sup o}19`N, 10{sup o}39`E) for the snowmelt period in 1988. The models vary in complexity. The simplest model estimating snowmelt runoff as a linear function of air temperature only, the most complex model uses air temperature and net short wave radiation as indexes for melt rate: In addition, the meltwater is routed through a two-linear-reservoir model to provide lag and attenuation of the meltwater wave percolating through the snowpack. As a reference for the performance of the conceptual models, an energy balance model is established. The energy balance model is considered to be the most reliable way of estimating snowmelt provided that necessary data are available. 102 refs., 98 figs., 24 tabs.}
place = {Norway}
year = {1990}
month = {Oct}
}