Abstract
INGA is a process for combined heat and power generation based on biofuels. Appropriate size range is 20-100 MW heat. The process gives a high yield of electricity, using an INdirect-fired GAs turbine (INGA), where the energy is supplied via a hot gas heat exchanger, and a steam cycle process. The pilot study includes: the technical design of INGA; calculations of performance for different INGA variants; description of a demonstration plant; and need and opportunities of development. The pilot study is foremost based on reviews of the literature and discussions with manufacturers of equipment. The starting point in our studies has been a basic cycle consisting of a gas turbine with a hot gas heat exchanger, a CFB boiler, and a steam cycle. The exhaust gases from the gas turbine are used as combustion air in the CFB boiler. We have evaluated the INGA idea by calculating performance of different variants of INGA. The calculations show that the basic INGA complemented with additional firing gave the best performance. The fuel should not be dried and steam should not be injected into the gas turbine as this only gives marginal improvements in performance. Some gas turbines require a hot gas fan
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Citation Formats
Bergman, J.
The INGA-project; INGA-projektet.
Sweden: N. p.,
1992.
Web.
Bergman, J.
The INGA-project; INGA-projektet.
Sweden.
Bergman, J.
1992.
"The INGA-project; INGA-projektet."
Sweden.
@misc{etde_10141349,
title = {The INGA-project; INGA-projektet}
author = {Bergman, J}
abstractNote = {INGA is a process for combined heat and power generation based on biofuels. Appropriate size range is 20-100 MW heat. The process gives a high yield of electricity, using an INdirect-fired GAs turbine (INGA), where the energy is supplied via a hot gas heat exchanger, and a steam cycle process. The pilot study includes: the technical design of INGA; calculations of performance for different INGA variants; description of a demonstration plant; and need and opportunities of development. The pilot study is foremost based on reviews of the literature and discussions with manufacturers of equipment. The starting point in our studies has been a basic cycle consisting of a gas turbine with a hot gas heat exchanger, a CFB boiler, and a steam cycle. The exhaust gases from the gas turbine are used as combustion air in the CFB boiler. We have evaluated the INGA idea by calculating performance of different variants of INGA. The calculations show that the basic INGA complemented with additional firing gave the best performance. The fuel should not be dried and steam should not be injected into the gas turbine as this only gives marginal improvements in performance. Some gas turbines require a hot gas fan since they cannot cope with the back-pressure in the CFB boiler. We also found that modern gas turbines do not permit us to reach the target of 100% biofuel with acceptable efficiency. The weak points in the INGA process at the present state of technology are the gas turbine and the hot gas heat exchanger. It remains to find a hot gas heat exchanger capable of withstanding temperatures required by modern gas turbines. We judge that a suitable ceramic heat exchanger may become commercially available early in the next century.}
place = {Sweden}
year = {1992}
month = {Sep}
}
title = {The INGA-project; INGA-projektet}
author = {Bergman, J}
abstractNote = {INGA is a process for combined heat and power generation based on biofuels. Appropriate size range is 20-100 MW heat. The process gives a high yield of electricity, using an INdirect-fired GAs turbine (INGA), where the energy is supplied via a hot gas heat exchanger, and a steam cycle process. The pilot study includes: the technical design of INGA; calculations of performance for different INGA variants; description of a demonstration plant; and need and opportunities of development. The pilot study is foremost based on reviews of the literature and discussions with manufacturers of equipment. The starting point in our studies has been a basic cycle consisting of a gas turbine with a hot gas heat exchanger, a CFB boiler, and a steam cycle. The exhaust gases from the gas turbine are used as combustion air in the CFB boiler. We have evaluated the INGA idea by calculating performance of different variants of INGA. The calculations show that the basic INGA complemented with additional firing gave the best performance. The fuel should not be dried and steam should not be injected into the gas turbine as this only gives marginal improvements in performance. Some gas turbines require a hot gas fan since they cannot cope with the back-pressure in the CFB boiler. We also found that modern gas turbines do not permit us to reach the target of 100% biofuel with acceptable efficiency. The weak points in the INGA process at the present state of technology are the gas turbine and the hot gas heat exchanger. It remains to find a hot gas heat exchanger capable of withstanding temperatures required by modern gas turbines. We judge that a suitable ceramic heat exchanger may become commercially available early in the next century.}
place = {Sweden}
year = {1992}
month = {Sep}
}