Abstract
The deposition of trace substances to a coniferous forest has been estimated by means of a one-dimensional cloud droplet deposition model. For a period of 21 months the liquid water content has been measured and 89 samples of cloud water from the weather station Feldberg have been analysed for chemical composition. These data and meteorological routine observations have been used as input parameters for the deposition model. Deposition calculations to a 40 years old coniferous forest for the period 1982-1991 showed that the cloud water deposition amounts to 33% of the precipitation amount on the average and varies between 23 and 43% in single years. The highest cloud water deposition rates occur during fall and winter. The trace substance concentration in cloud water has been found to be higher than in precipitation, by a factor between 6 and 12, depending on the type of ions. Typically seasonal variations of normalized ion concentrations could be shown to exist as well as dependencies on wind direction. Air mass transport from the industries of the Stuttgart area resulted in higher trace substance concentrations in cloud water. The deposition of trace substances via fog interception during the summer months is as high and in
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Winkler, P;
[1]
Pahl, S
[1]
- Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hamburg (Germany). Meteorologisches Observatorium
Citation Formats
Winkler, P, and Pahl, S.
Input of trace substances to coniferous forests by fog interception at high elevations of Black Forest; Spurenstoffeintrag durch Nebelinterzeption in Schwarzwaldhochlagen.
Germany: N. p.,
1993.
Web.
Winkler, P, & Pahl, S.
Input of trace substances to coniferous forests by fog interception at high elevations of Black Forest; Spurenstoffeintrag durch Nebelinterzeption in Schwarzwaldhochlagen.
Germany.
Winkler, P, and Pahl, S.
1993.
"Input of trace substances to coniferous forests by fog interception at high elevations of Black Forest; Spurenstoffeintrag durch Nebelinterzeption in Schwarzwaldhochlagen."
Germany.
@misc{etde_10139900,
title = {Input of trace substances to coniferous forests by fog interception at high elevations of Black Forest; Spurenstoffeintrag durch Nebelinterzeption in Schwarzwaldhochlagen}
author = {Winkler, P, and Pahl, S}
abstractNote = {The deposition of trace substances to a coniferous forest has been estimated by means of a one-dimensional cloud droplet deposition model. For a period of 21 months the liquid water content has been measured and 89 samples of cloud water from the weather station Feldberg have been analysed for chemical composition. These data and meteorological routine observations have been used as input parameters for the deposition model. Deposition calculations to a 40 years old coniferous forest for the period 1982-1991 showed that the cloud water deposition amounts to 33% of the precipitation amount on the average and varies between 23 and 43% in single years. The highest cloud water deposition rates occur during fall and winter. The trace substance concentration in cloud water has been found to be higher than in precipitation, by a factor between 6 and 12, depending on the type of ions. Typically seasonal variations of normalized ion concentrations could be shown to exist as well as dependencies on wind direction. Air mass transport from the industries of the Stuttgart area resulted in higher trace substance concentrations in cloud water. The deposition of trace substances via fog interception during the summer months is as high and in the winter months higher than that by wet deposition. The forests at high elevations of Black Forest are charged appreciably by fog interception. (orig.). 31 figs., 5 tabs., 39 refs. [Deutsch] Die Spurenstoffdeposition auf einen Nadelwald wurde mit Hilfe eines eindimensionalen Wolkentropfendepositionsmodells abgeschaetzt. Dazu wurden ueber 21 Monate Messungen des Fluessigwassergehalts an der Wetterstation Feldberg vorgenommen und 89 Nebelproben zur chemischen Analyse des Wolkenwassers gesammelt. Diese Messdaten und meteorologische Routinebeobachtungen der Wetterstation dienten als Eingangsparameter fuer das Depositionsmodell. Als Modellwald diente ein 10 m hoher, 40 Jahre alter Tannenwald. Die Rechnungen fuer den Zeitraum 1982-1991 zeigten, dass die deponierte Nebelwassermenge im langjaehrigen Mittel 33% der Niederschlagsmenge betraegt, in Einzeljahren schwankt dieser Prozentsatz zwischen 23 und 43%. Die hoechsten Nebelwasserdepositionen finden im Herbst und Winter statt. Im Nebelwasser liegt die Spurenstoffkonzentration je nach Ionenart 6-12 mal hoeher als im Regenwasser. Es konnten Jahreszeitenabhaengigkeiten und Windrichtungsabhaengigkeiten der Spurenstoffkonzentration im Nebelwasser nachgewiesen werden. Luftmassentransport aus dem Ballungsraum Stuttgart praegt sich in erhoehten Konzentrationen aus. Die Stoffdeposition auf einen Nadelwald durch Nebelinterzeption ist in den Sommermonaten ebenso hoch, in den Wintermonaten hoeher als die nasse Deposition. Dadurch werden die Kammlagen des Schwarzwaldes durch Nebeldeposition erheblich belastet. (orig.)}
place = {Germany}
year = {1993}
month = {Oct}
}
title = {Input of trace substances to coniferous forests by fog interception at high elevations of Black Forest; Spurenstoffeintrag durch Nebelinterzeption in Schwarzwaldhochlagen}
author = {Winkler, P, and Pahl, S}
abstractNote = {The deposition of trace substances to a coniferous forest has been estimated by means of a one-dimensional cloud droplet deposition model. For a period of 21 months the liquid water content has been measured and 89 samples of cloud water from the weather station Feldberg have been analysed for chemical composition. These data and meteorological routine observations have been used as input parameters for the deposition model. Deposition calculations to a 40 years old coniferous forest for the period 1982-1991 showed that the cloud water deposition amounts to 33% of the precipitation amount on the average and varies between 23 and 43% in single years. The highest cloud water deposition rates occur during fall and winter. The trace substance concentration in cloud water has been found to be higher than in precipitation, by a factor between 6 and 12, depending on the type of ions. Typically seasonal variations of normalized ion concentrations could be shown to exist as well as dependencies on wind direction. Air mass transport from the industries of the Stuttgart area resulted in higher trace substance concentrations in cloud water. The deposition of trace substances via fog interception during the summer months is as high and in the winter months higher than that by wet deposition. The forests at high elevations of Black Forest are charged appreciably by fog interception. (orig.). 31 figs., 5 tabs., 39 refs. [Deutsch] Die Spurenstoffdeposition auf einen Nadelwald wurde mit Hilfe eines eindimensionalen Wolkentropfendepositionsmodells abgeschaetzt. Dazu wurden ueber 21 Monate Messungen des Fluessigwassergehalts an der Wetterstation Feldberg vorgenommen und 89 Nebelproben zur chemischen Analyse des Wolkenwassers gesammelt. Diese Messdaten und meteorologische Routinebeobachtungen der Wetterstation dienten als Eingangsparameter fuer das Depositionsmodell. Als Modellwald diente ein 10 m hoher, 40 Jahre alter Tannenwald. Die Rechnungen fuer den Zeitraum 1982-1991 zeigten, dass die deponierte Nebelwassermenge im langjaehrigen Mittel 33% der Niederschlagsmenge betraegt, in Einzeljahren schwankt dieser Prozentsatz zwischen 23 und 43%. Die hoechsten Nebelwasserdepositionen finden im Herbst und Winter statt. Im Nebelwasser liegt die Spurenstoffkonzentration je nach Ionenart 6-12 mal hoeher als im Regenwasser. Es konnten Jahreszeitenabhaengigkeiten und Windrichtungsabhaengigkeiten der Spurenstoffkonzentration im Nebelwasser nachgewiesen werden. Luftmassentransport aus dem Ballungsraum Stuttgart praegt sich in erhoehten Konzentrationen aus. Die Stoffdeposition auf einen Nadelwald durch Nebelinterzeption ist in den Sommermonaten ebenso hoch, in den Wintermonaten hoeher als die nasse Deposition. Dadurch werden die Kammlagen des Schwarzwaldes durch Nebeldeposition erheblich belastet. (orig.)}
place = {Germany}
year = {1993}
month = {Oct}
}