Abstract
The main objective of this thesis has been to study snow and glacier ice surface characteristics measured using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite data. Relevant background such as the principles of remote sensing, characteristics of the Landsat TM satellite, radiative interactions in the atmosphere and at the surface, and factors that affect the visible and infra-red properties of snow are reviewed from existing literature. Methods for converting the Landsat TM image to surface reflectance, digital image processing techniques, and in situ measurements are also discussed. Four separate papers make up the basis of the thesis. The first paper is a basic study of snow reflectance, and serves as a base for the three following papers. They mainly focus on analyses of Landsat TM derived surface reflectance. In conclusion, the Landsat TM satellite has proved to be a very useful instrument for snow and glacier ice research. At spring snow conditions like they appeared at Kvikne, Norway, the satellite-registered data may easily underestimate the snow coverage. Even so, underestimation is avoided by utilizing the strong possibilities lying in multispectral image analyses. Further, the studies at Helligdagshaugen, Norway, and in Svalbard point out that the albedo of snow can vary considerably and
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Citation Formats
Winther, J G.
Snow and glacier ice characteristics measured using Landsat TM data.
Norway: N. p.,
1993.
Web.
Winther, J G.
Snow and glacier ice characteristics measured using Landsat TM data.
Norway.
Winther, J G.
1993.
"Snow and glacier ice characteristics measured using Landsat TM data."
Norway.
@misc{etde_10131064,
title = {Snow and glacier ice characteristics measured using Landsat TM data}
author = {Winther, J G}
abstractNote = {The main objective of this thesis has been to study snow and glacier ice surface characteristics measured using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite data. Relevant background such as the principles of remote sensing, characteristics of the Landsat TM satellite, radiative interactions in the atmosphere and at the surface, and factors that affect the visible and infra-red properties of snow are reviewed from existing literature. Methods for converting the Landsat TM image to surface reflectance, digital image processing techniques, and in situ measurements are also discussed. Four separate papers make up the basis of the thesis. The first paper is a basic study of snow reflectance, and serves as a base for the three following papers. They mainly focus on analyses of Landsat TM derived surface reflectance. In conclusion, the Landsat TM satellite has proved to be a very useful instrument for snow and glacier ice research. At spring snow conditions like they appeared at Kvikne, Norway, the satellite-registered data may easily underestimate the snow coverage. Even so, underestimation is avoided by utilizing the strong possibilities lying in multispectral image analyses. Further, the studies at Helligdagshaugen, Norway, and in Svalbard point out that the albedo of snow can vary considerably and is influenced by variables such as snow depth, solar elevation, cloud conditions, and bidirectional reflectance. 102 refs., 21 figs., 11 tabs.}
place = {Norway}
year = {1993}
month = {Sep}
}
title = {Snow and glacier ice characteristics measured using Landsat TM data}
author = {Winther, J G}
abstractNote = {The main objective of this thesis has been to study snow and glacier ice surface characteristics measured using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite data. Relevant background such as the principles of remote sensing, characteristics of the Landsat TM satellite, radiative interactions in the atmosphere and at the surface, and factors that affect the visible and infra-red properties of snow are reviewed from existing literature. Methods for converting the Landsat TM image to surface reflectance, digital image processing techniques, and in situ measurements are also discussed. Four separate papers make up the basis of the thesis. The first paper is a basic study of snow reflectance, and serves as a base for the three following papers. They mainly focus on analyses of Landsat TM derived surface reflectance. In conclusion, the Landsat TM satellite has proved to be a very useful instrument for snow and glacier ice research. At spring snow conditions like they appeared at Kvikne, Norway, the satellite-registered data may easily underestimate the snow coverage. Even so, underestimation is avoided by utilizing the strong possibilities lying in multispectral image analyses. Further, the studies at Helligdagshaugen, Norway, and in Svalbard point out that the albedo of snow can vary considerably and is influenced by variables such as snow depth, solar elevation, cloud conditions, and bidirectional reflectance. 102 refs., 21 figs., 11 tabs.}
place = {Norway}
year = {1993}
month = {Sep}
}