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Efficiency and emissions of charcoal use in the improved Mbaula cookstove

Abstract

An improved chamber method was used to evaluate the thermal performance and emission characteristics of charcoal in an unvented cookstove known as the Improved Mbaula. Emission factors and rates for pollutants, burn rate and stove efficiency were determined. The pollutants that were continuously monitored were carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO{sub 2}), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}), and respirable suspended particulates (RSP). Concentrations of CO, nitrogen oxides and RSP in the test chamber (a simulated kitchen) reached levels in excess of guidelines recommended in industrialized countries. Concentrations of SO{sub 2} did not exceed known levels. If the test chamber actually is a good simulation of a common kitchen, the levels reached warrant concern for the health of people exposed, mostly women and children. Levels of pollution in actual kitchens will be assessed in a later study. The adjustable opening of the stove proved effective in regulating the burn rate. At half air input, burn rate decreased by about 40%, while emissions increased by about 60% compared to operation at full air input. Emissions of CO were 340 g/kg charcoal at full air input, which was taken to be the normal mode of operation. The average thermal efficiency (PHU)  More>>
Authors:
Kaoma, J; Kasali, G B; [1]  Ellegaard, A [2] 
  1. Building and Industrial Minerals Research Unit, National Council for Scientific Research, (Zambia)
  2. Stockholm Environment Inst. (Sweden)
Publication Date:
Dec 31, 1994
Product Type:
Technical Report
Report Number:
SEI-EED-38
Reference Number:
SCA: 092000; 095000; PA: SWD-95:007057; EDB-95:041441; SN: 95001337613
Resource Relation:
Other Information: PBD: 1994
Subject:
09 BIOMASS FUELS; STOVES; THERMAL EFFICIENCY; EMISSION; CHARCOAL; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON MONOXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITROGEN DIOXIDE; SULFUR DIOXIDE; AEROSOLS; AIR POLLUTION; COMBUSTION; ZAMBIA; EXPERIMENTAL DATA; 092000; 095000; ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
OSTI ID:
10122147
Research Organizations:
Stockholm Environment Inst. (Sweden)
Country of Origin:
Sweden
Language:
English
Other Identifying Numbers:
Other: ON: DE95744968; ISBN 91 88116 94 8; TRN: SE9507057
Availability:
OSTI; NTIS; INIS
Submitting Site:
SWD
Size:
30 p.
Announcement Date:
Mar 17, 1995

Citation Formats

Kaoma, J, Kasali, G B, and Ellegaard, A. Efficiency and emissions of charcoal use in the improved Mbaula cookstove. Sweden: N. p., 1994. Web.
Kaoma, J, Kasali, G B, & Ellegaard, A. Efficiency and emissions of charcoal use in the improved Mbaula cookstove. Sweden.
Kaoma, J, Kasali, G B, and Ellegaard, A. 1994. "Efficiency and emissions of charcoal use in the improved Mbaula cookstove." Sweden.
@misc{etde_10122147,
title = {Efficiency and emissions of charcoal use in the improved Mbaula cookstove}
author = {Kaoma, J, Kasali, G B, and Ellegaard, A}
abstractNote = {An improved chamber method was used to evaluate the thermal performance and emission characteristics of charcoal in an unvented cookstove known as the Improved Mbaula. Emission factors and rates for pollutants, burn rate and stove efficiency were determined. The pollutants that were continuously monitored were carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO{sub 2}), nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO{sub 2}), and respirable suspended particulates (RSP). Concentrations of CO, nitrogen oxides and RSP in the test chamber (a simulated kitchen) reached levels in excess of guidelines recommended in industrialized countries. Concentrations of SO{sub 2} did not exceed known levels. If the test chamber actually is a good simulation of a common kitchen, the levels reached warrant concern for the health of people exposed, mostly women and children. Levels of pollution in actual kitchens will be assessed in a later study. The adjustable opening of the stove proved effective in regulating the burn rate. At half air input, burn rate decreased by about 40%, while emissions increased by about 60% compared to operation at full air input. Emissions of CO were 340 g/kg charcoal at full air input, which was taken to be the normal mode of operation. The average thermal efficiency (PHU) of the improved mbaula was 25% compared to 29% for the traditional charcoal stove. 16 refs, 4 figs, 12 tabs}
place = {Sweden}
year = {1994}
month = {Dec}
}