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Study on the interaction of lithium orthosilicate with water vapor and hydrogen; Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung von Lithiumorthosilikat mit Wasserdampf und Wasserstoff

Abstract

The present work discusses the adsorption of H{sub 2}O(g) as well as the reactions of D{sub 2}O(g) and D{sub 2}(g) with lithium orthosilicate (Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}), a potential tritium breeding ceramic for future fusion reactors. An apparatus was constructed which permits H{sub 2}O partial pressures as low as 1 {mu}bar to be generated and subsequently measured with high accuracy and precision. Using the frontal analysis of gas chromatography, adsorption isotherms were determined at temperatures and water vapor pressures ranging from 653 to 1093 K and 1 to 10 {mu}bar, respectively. Based upon the data, the tritium inventory at the surface of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}(cr) can be estimated as function of temperature and water vapor concentration in the purge gas of a solid breeder blanket. The reactions of lithium orthosilicate with deuterium oxide and deuterium were studied at high temperature (1160 - 1420K) by means of Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. In both cases the production of lithium hydroxide and the establishment of an equilibrium between LiOD(g) and D{sub 2}O(g) were observed; D{sub 2}O is derived from oxidation of deuterium, presumably under formation of a reduced surface layer. Equilibrium constants and reaction enthalpies were computed for the reaction of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}(cr)  More>>
Authors:
Publication Date:
Sep 01, 1994
Product Type:
Thesis/Dissertation
Report Number:
KFK-5365
Reference Number:
SCA: 700480; 360200; PA: DEN-95:0F0390; EDB-95:026616; SN: 95001321212
Resource Relation:
Other Information: TH: Diss.; PBD: Sep 1994
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; LITHIUM SILICATES; WATER VAPOR; HYDROGEN; DEUTERIUM; HEAVY WATER; ADSORPTION; BREEDING BLANKETS; THERMONUCLEAR REACTOR MATERIALS; MASS SPECTROSCOPY; PARTIAL PRESSURE; LITHIUM HYDROXIDES; EVAPORATION; 700480; 360200; COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT; MATERIALS STUDIES; CERAMICS, CERMETS, AND REFRACTORIES
OSTI ID:
10110210
Research Organizations:
Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (Germany). Inst. fuer Radiochemie; Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (Germany). Projekt Kernfusion; Karlsruhe Univ. (T.H.) (Germany). Fakultaet fuer Chemie
Country of Origin:
Germany
Language:
German
Other Identifying Numbers:
Journal ID: ISSN 0303-4003; Other: ON: DE95738117; TRN: DE95F0390
Availability:
OSTI; NTIS (US Sales Only); INIS
Submitting Site:
DEN
Size:
125 p.
Announcement Date:
Jun 30, 2005

Citation Formats

Huber, S. Study on the interaction of lithium orthosilicate with water vapor and hydrogen; Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung von Lithiumorthosilikat mit Wasserdampf und Wasserstoff. Germany: N. p., 1994. Web.
Huber, S. Study on the interaction of lithium orthosilicate with water vapor and hydrogen; Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung von Lithiumorthosilikat mit Wasserdampf und Wasserstoff. Germany.
Huber, S. 1994. "Study on the interaction of lithium orthosilicate with water vapor and hydrogen; Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung von Lithiumorthosilikat mit Wasserdampf und Wasserstoff." Germany.
@misc{etde_10110210,
title = {Study on the interaction of lithium orthosilicate with water vapor and hydrogen; Untersuchungen zur Wechselwirkung von Lithiumorthosilikat mit Wasserdampf und Wasserstoff}
author = {Huber, S}
abstractNote = {The present work discusses the adsorption of H{sub 2}O(g) as well as the reactions of D{sub 2}O(g) and D{sub 2}(g) with lithium orthosilicate (Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}), a potential tritium breeding ceramic for future fusion reactors. An apparatus was constructed which permits H{sub 2}O partial pressures as low as 1 {mu}bar to be generated and subsequently measured with high accuracy and precision. Using the frontal analysis of gas chromatography, adsorption isotherms were determined at temperatures and water vapor pressures ranging from 653 to 1093 K and 1 to 10 {mu}bar, respectively. Based upon the data, the tritium inventory at the surface of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}(cr) can be estimated as function of temperature and water vapor concentration in the purge gas of a solid breeder blanket. The reactions of lithium orthosilicate with deuterium oxide and deuterium were studied at high temperature (1160 - 1420K) by means of Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. In both cases the production of lithium hydroxide and the establishment of an equilibrium between LiOD(g) and D{sub 2}O(g) were observed; D{sub 2}O is derived from oxidation of deuterium, presumably under formation of a reduced surface layer. Equilibrium constants and reaction enthalpies were computed for the reaction of Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}(cr) with D{sub 2}O(g). In addition, the vapor pressure of LiOD(g) above Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}(cr) was determined as function of temperature and deuterium oxide pressure. Further experiments with lithium orthosilicate were carried out under flowing hydrogen in order to analyze the effects of temperature, H{sub 2}-concentration, gas flow, sample size and sample pretreatment on the formation of water vapor. The results confirm the mass spectrometric findings mentioned above. (orig.) [Deutsch] Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Adsorption von H{sub 2}O(g) sowie die Reaktionen von D{sub 2}O(g) und D{sub 2}(g) mit Lithiumorthosilikat (Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}), einer potentiellen Tritium-Brutkeramik fuer zukuenftige Fusionsreaktoren. Eine Apparatur wurde entwickelt, in der H{sub 2}O-Partialdruecke bis herab zu 1 {mu}bar erzeugt und mit hoher Genauigkeit und Praezision gemessen werden koennen. Unter Verwendung der Frontalanalyse der Gaschromatographie wurden Adsorptionsisothermen bei Temperaturen von 653 bis 1093 K und Wasserdampfpartialdruecken zwischen 1 und 10 {mu}bar ermittelt. Die Daten ermoeglichen eine Abschaetzung des von der Adsorption an der Keramikoberflaeche herruehrenden Tritiuminventars als Funktion von Temperatur und Wasserdampfkonzentration im Spuelgas eines Feststoffblankets. Unter Verwendung der Massenspektrometrie mit Knudsenzelle wurden die Reaktionen von Lithiumorthosilikat mit Deuteriumoxid und Deuterium bei hohen Temperaturen (1160 - 1420 K) untersucht. In beiden Faellen wurde die Bildung von Lithiumhydroxid und die Einstellung eines Gleichgewichts zwischen LiOD(g) und D{sub 2}O(g) beobachtet; Deuterium wird hierbei, wahrscheinlich unter Bildung einer sauerstoffdefizienten Oberflaechenschicht, zu D{sub 2}O oxidiert. Fuer die Reaktion von Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}(cr) mit D{sub 2}O(g) wurden Gleichgewichtskonstanten und Reaktionsenthalpien berechnet. Ferner wurde der Dampfdruck von LiOD(g) ueber Li{sub 4}SiO{sub 4}(cr) in Abhaengigkeit vom D{sub 2}O-Partialdruck und der Temperatur ermittelt. Weitere Experimente mit Lithiumorthosilikat und Wasserstoff wurden unter dynamischen Bedingungen durchgefuehrt, um die Einfluesse von Temperatur, H{sub 2}-Konzentration, Volumenstrom sowie Probenmenge und -vorbehandlung auf die Bildung von Wasserdampf zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse bestaetigen die oben aufgefuehrten massenspektrometrischen Beobachtungen. (orig.)}
place = {Germany}
year = {1994}
month = {Sep}
}