Abstract
Knowledge of reactions and reaction mechanisms of fly ash from municipal waste incineration plants leading to formation of organic compounds, is very important for minimizing the emission of these substances. Studying the reaction of toluene with fly ash is a contribution to this. During this reaction in liquid phase (T{<=}111 C), it could be shown that o- and p-methyldiphenylmethane were formed. This dimerisation of toluene describes the first step of an oxidation or condensation reaction, and their rate constant and activation energy were determined. Formally the reaction corresponds to zero order as often found in photochemical and catalytic reactions of metallic salts. Further following reactions forming oxidation or condensation products of the MDPMs could not be found in liquid phase. Parallel reactions such as chlorination of toluene up to the boiling point for example were not observed. Comprehensive thermodynamic evaluations in the suitable temperature range showed that the formation of following products is thermodynamically favoured. The different mineral phases of iron and copper are of special interest for chlorination of fly ash. Usually their chlorides are used as chlorinating agents at reactions with fly ash. It could be shown that these metallic salts are not available as water-soluble compounts. After
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Citation Formats
Mandl, B.
Formation of organic compounds at the reaction of toluene with fly ash in liquid and vapour phase; Die Bildung organischer Verbindungen bei der Reaktion von Toluol mit Flugasche in fluessiger Phase und Gasphase.
Germany: N. p.,
1994.
Web.
Mandl, B.
Formation of organic compounds at the reaction of toluene with fly ash in liquid and vapour phase; Die Bildung organischer Verbindungen bei der Reaktion von Toluol mit Flugasche in fluessiger Phase und Gasphase.
Germany.
Mandl, B.
1994.
"Formation of organic compounds at the reaction of toluene with fly ash in liquid and vapour phase; Die Bildung organischer Verbindungen bei der Reaktion von Toluol mit Flugasche in fluessiger Phase und Gasphase."
Germany.
@misc{etde_10108356,
title = {Formation of organic compounds at the reaction of toluene with fly ash in liquid and vapour phase; Die Bildung organischer Verbindungen bei der Reaktion von Toluol mit Flugasche in fluessiger Phase und Gasphase}
author = {Mandl, B}
abstractNote = {Knowledge of reactions and reaction mechanisms of fly ash from municipal waste incineration plants leading to formation of organic compounds, is very important for minimizing the emission of these substances. Studying the reaction of toluene with fly ash is a contribution to this. During this reaction in liquid phase (T{<=}111 C), it could be shown that o- and p-methyldiphenylmethane were formed. This dimerisation of toluene describes the first step of an oxidation or condensation reaction, and their rate constant and activation energy were determined. Formally the reaction corresponds to zero order as often found in photochemical and catalytic reactions of metallic salts. Further following reactions forming oxidation or condensation products of the MDPMs could not be found in liquid phase. Parallel reactions such as chlorination of toluene up to the boiling point for example were not observed. Comprehensive thermodynamic evaluations in the suitable temperature range showed that the formation of following products is thermodynamically favoured. The different mineral phases of iron and copper are of special interest for chlorination of fly ash. Usually their chlorides are used as chlorinating agents at reactions with fly ash. It could be shown that these metallic salts are not available as water-soluble compounts. After dimerisation further following reactions have been observed in the vapour phase. In the presence of oxygen, oxidation products are formed and condensation products under inert gas atmosphere. In the decomposition of residual carbon of fly ash from 250 C on, addition of toluene to the vapour phase (80% N{sub 2}, 20% O{sub 2}) increased the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. Especially the lower chlorine stages have been preferred at the formation of dioxines and furanes. Thus fly ash is showing a potential of chlorination favouring the formation of organohalogen compounds in a gas-solid-phase (Abstract Truncated)}
place = {Germany}
year = {1994}
month = {May}
}
title = {Formation of organic compounds at the reaction of toluene with fly ash in liquid and vapour phase; Die Bildung organischer Verbindungen bei der Reaktion von Toluol mit Flugasche in fluessiger Phase und Gasphase}
author = {Mandl, B}
abstractNote = {Knowledge of reactions and reaction mechanisms of fly ash from municipal waste incineration plants leading to formation of organic compounds, is very important for minimizing the emission of these substances. Studying the reaction of toluene with fly ash is a contribution to this. During this reaction in liquid phase (T{<=}111 C), it could be shown that o- and p-methyldiphenylmethane were formed. This dimerisation of toluene describes the first step of an oxidation or condensation reaction, and their rate constant and activation energy were determined. Formally the reaction corresponds to zero order as often found in photochemical and catalytic reactions of metallic salts. Further following reactions forming oxidation or condensation products of the MDPMs could not be found in liquid phase. Parallel reactions such as chlorination of toluene up to the boiling point for example were not observed. Comprehensive thermodynamic evaluations in the suitable temperature range showed that the formation of following products is thermodynamically favoured. The different mineral phases of iron and copper are of special interest for chlorination of fly ash. Usually their chlorides are used as chlorinating agents at reactions with fly ash. It could be shown that these metallic salts are not available as water-soluble compounts. After dimerisation further following reactions have been observed in the vapour phase. In the presence of oxygen, oxidation products are formed and condensation products under inert gas atmosphere. In the decomposition of residual carbon of fly ash from 250 C on, addition of toluene to the vapour phase (80% N{sub 2}, 20% O{sub 2}) increased the formation of chlorinated aromatic compounds. Especially the lower chlorine stages have been preferred at the formation of dioxines and furanes. Thus fly ash is showing a potential of chlorination favouring the formation of organohalogen compounds in a gas-solid-phase (Abstract Truncated)}
place = {Germany}
year = {1994}
month = {May}
}