Abstract
A quantitative elaboration of a baseline for the year 2005, based on the present carbon dioxide reduction policy and two options (technically oriented and volume oriented) for an extra reduction of CO{sub 2}, has been carried out for the Netherlands. Extra energy conservation will contribute for the greatest part to a 20% CO{sub 2} reduction. Also contributions are expected by means of CO{sub 2} separation at industrial systems, fuel switch, carbon management (recycling of plastics), and from renewable energy sources. Volume oriented options are discussed for the sectors industry, traffic, agriculture and wastes. To realize 20% reduction of CO{sub 2} in the year 2005 an extra investment of circa 5 billion Dutch guilders is needed for the technically oriented options. The most important uncertainties when investigating the feasibility of the Toronto aim for the Netherlands are the CO{sub 2} calculation method, the societal and institutional barriers with regard to the implementation of the measures, the international context and the development of CO{sub 2} emissions in the baseline. 6 figs., 7 tabs., 42 refs.
Okken, P A;
Boonekamp, P G.M.;
Rouw, M;
Ybema, J R
[1]
- Energy Study Centre, Netherlands Energy Research Foundation, Petten (Netherlands)
Citation Formats
Okken, P A, Boonekamp, P G.M., Rouw, M, and Ybema, J R.
An elaboration of the Toronto aim for the Netherlands. A CO{sub 2} reduction of 20% in 2005; Een uitwerking voor Nederland van de Toronto doelstelling. Een CO{sub 2} reductie van 20% in 2005.
Netherlands: N. p.,
1991.
Web.
Okken, P A, Boonekamp, P G.M., Rouw, M, & Ybema, J R.
An elaboration of the Toronto aim for the Netherlands. A CO{sub 2} reduction of 20% in 2005; Een uitwerking voor Nederland van de Toronto doelstelling. Een CO{sub 2} reductie van 20% in 2005.
Netherlands.
Okken, P A, Boonekamp, P G.M., Rouw, M, and Ybema, J R.
1991.
"An elaboration of the Toronto aim for the Netherlands. A CO{sub 2} reduction of 20% in 2005; Een uitwerking voor Nederland van de Toronto doelstelling. Een CO{sub 2} reductie van 20% in 2005."
Netherlands.
@misc{etde_10103826,
title = {An elaboration of the Toronto aim for the Netherlands. A CO{sub 2} reduction of 20% in 2005; Een uitwerking voor Nederland van de Toronto doelstelling. Een CO{sub 2} reductie van 20% in 2005}
author = {Okken, P A, Boonekamp, P G.M., Rouw, M, and Ybema, J R}
abstractNote = {A quantitative elaboration of a baseline for the year 2005, based on the present carbon dioxide reduction policy and two options (technically oriented and volume oriented) for an extra reduction of CO{sub 2}, has been carried out for the Netherlands. Extra energy conservation will contribute for the greatest part to a 20% CO{sub 2} reduction. Also contributions are expected by means of CO{sub 2} separation at industrial systems, fuel switch, carbon management (recycling of plastics), and from renewable energy sources. Volume oriented options are discussed for the sectors industry, traffic, agriculture and wastes. To realize 20% reduction of CO{sub 2} in the year 2005 an extra investment of circa 5 billion Dutch guilders is needed for the technically oriented options. The most important uncertainties when investigating the feasibility of the Toronto aim for the Netherlands are the CO{sub 2} calculation method, the societal and institutional barriers with regard to the implementation of the measures, the international context and the development of CO{sub 2} emissions in the baseline. 6 figs., 7 tabs., 42 refs.}
place = {Netherlands}
year = {1991}
month = {Aug}
}
title = {An elaboration of the Toronto aim for the Netherlands. A CO{sub 2} reduction of 20% in 2005; Een uitwerking voor Nederland van de Toronto doelstelling. Een CO{sub 2} reductie van 20% in 2005}
author = {Okken, P A, Boonekamp, P G.M., Rouw, M, and Ybema, J R}
abstractNote = {A quantitative elaboration of a baseline for the year 2005, based on the present carbon dioxide reduction policy and two options (technically oriented and volume oriented) for an extra reduction of CO{sub 2}, has been carried out for the Netherlands. Extra energy conservation will contribute for the greatest part to a 20% CO{sub 2} reduction. Also contributions are expected by means of CO{sub 2} separation at industrial systems, fuel switch, carbon management (recycling of plastics), and from renewable energy sources. Volume oriented options are discussed for the sectors industry, traffic, agriculture and wastes. To realize 20% reduction of CO{sub 2} in the year 2005 an extra investment of circa 5 billion Dutch guilders is needed for the technically oriented options. The most important uncertainties when investigating the feasibility of the Toronto aim for the Netherlands are the CO{sub 2} calculation method, the societal and institutional barriers with regard to the implementation of the measures, the international context and the development of CO{sub 2} emissions in the baseline. 6 figs., 7 tabs., 42 refs.}
place = {Netherlands}
year = {1991}
month = {Aug}
}