TY - JOUR TI - Hydrogenation of Estonian oil shale and shale oil AB - Kukersite was heated in an atmosphere of hydrogen, nitrogen, or water in three series of experiments. Shale samples were heated at 370/sup 0/ to 410/sup 0/C for 2 to 3/sup 1///sub 2/ hours in the presence of 106 to 287 kg/sq cm pressure of water, nitrogen, or hydrogen. In some experiments 5 percent of iron oxide was added to the shale. The amount of kerogen liquefied by hydrogenation was not greater than the amount of liquid products obtained by ordinary distillation. On hydrogenation, kukersite absorbed 1.8 weight-percent of hydrogen. Almost no hydrogenation took place below the decomposition point of kerogen, and the lighter decomposition products were mainly hydrogenated. Hydrogenation of the shale prevented coke formation. Heating kukersite or its crude oil at temperatures of 400/sup 0/ to 410/sup 0/C under 250 kg/sq cm hydrogen pressure produced paraffinic and naphthenic oils of lower boiling points. At higher temperatures and after long-continued heating, the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons was observed. AU - "Kogerman, P N" AU - "Kopwillem, J" KW - "04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS" KW - "OIL SHALES" KW - "HYDROGENATION" KW - "SHALE OIL" KW - "AROMATICS" KW - "HIGH TEMPERATURE" KW - "KEROGEN" KW - "NITROGEN COMPOUNDS" KW - "PRESSURIZING" KW - "SYNTHESIS" KW - "USSR" KW - "WATER VAPOR" KW - "BITUMINOUS MATERIALS" KW - "CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS" KW - "CHEMICAL REACTIONS" KW - "ENERGY SOURCES" KW - "EUROPE" KW - "FLUIDS" KW - "FOSSIL FUELS" KW - "FUELS" KW - "GASES" KW - "MINERAL OILS" KW - "OILS" KW - "ORGANIC COMPOUNDS" KW - "OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS" KW - "SYNTHETIC FUELS" KW - "SYNTHETIC PETROLEUM" KW - "VAPORS" KW - "040500* - Oil Shales & Tar Sands- Properties & Composition" DO - https://doi.org/ UR - PB - CY - United Kingdom PY - 1932 DA - 1932-01-01 LA - English J2 - [] VL - 18 C1 - C2 - C3 - C4 - C5 - L3 - Journal Name: J. Inst. Pet. Technol.; (United Kingdom); Journal Volume: 18 ER -