TY - JOUR TI - Innovation and efficiency AB - Innovation, the process of creation, development, use, and diffusion of a new product or process for new or already-identified needs, has become a topic of concern for both developed and developing countries. Although the causes and motivations for the concern differ widely from country to country, the development of effective innovation policies is a universal problem. The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) has been concerned with this problem for several years. The main purpose of an innovation is to improve the efficiency of the production unit that adopts the innovation, in comparison with the efficiency of the entire production system. To grasp the nature of the innovation process, its impact on the economic performance of the country, and to identify the appropriate managerial actions to shape and stimulate the innovation process, five different stages through which the innovation process usually runs are outlined. The IIASA has been concerned with supplanting the former approach of spontaneous innovation with a systems analysis approach to help implement new forms of social, innovative learning to be beneficial to mankind. 7 references, 2 figures, 1 table. (SAC) AU - "Haustein, H D" AU - "Maier, H" KW - "29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY AND ECONOMY" KW - "INVENTIONS" KW - "EFFICIENCY" KW - "TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER" KW - "COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS" KW - "ECONOMIC GROWTH" KW - "PRODUCTIVITY" KW - "TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT" KW - "TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION" KW - "290100* - Energy Planning & Policy- Energy Analysis & Modeling" KW - "290500 - Energy Planning & Policy- Research, Development, Demonstration, & Commercialization" DO - https://doi.org/ UR - PB - CY - Austria PY - 1979 DA - 1979-01-01 LA - English J2 - [] VL - 4 C1 - C2 - C3 - C4 - C5 - L3 - Journal Name: Options (IIASA); (Austria); Journal Volume: 4 ER -