"TITLE","AUTHORS","SUBJECT","SUBJECT_RELATED","DESCRIPTION","PUBLISHER","AVAILABILITY","RESEARCH_ORG","SPONSORING_ORG","PUBLICATION_COUNTRY","PUBLICATION_DATE","CONTRIBUTING_ORGS","LANGUAGE","RESOURCE_TYPE","TYPE_QUALIFIER","JOURNAL_ISSUE","JOURNAL_VOLUME","RELATION","COVERAGE","FORMAT","IDENTIFIER","REPORT_NUMBER","DOE_CONTRACT_NUMBER","OTHER_IDENTIFIER","DOI","RIGHTS","ENTRY_DATE","OSTI_IDENTIFIER","PURL_URL" "A fluvioglacial and gaciolacustrine deltaic depositional model for Permo-Carboniferous coals of the northeastern Karoo Basin, South Africa","Smith G, Le Blanc; Eriksson, K A","01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; COAL DEPOSITS; GEOLOGY; SOUTH AFRICA; DEPOSITION; GEOLOGIC DEPOSITS; ORIGIN; PEAT; SEDIMENTATION; SEDIMENTS; STRATIGRAPHY; AFRICA; ENERGY SOURCES; FOSSIL FUELS; FUELS; MINERAL RESOURCES; ORGANIC MATTER; RESOURCES; 011000* - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Reserves, Geology, & Exploration","","With the northward retreat of the late Palaeozoic Gondwana ice sheet a series of glacial valleys, partially filled with diamictite, dominated the landscape along the northern edge of the Karoo basin in South Africa. Consequent outwash sediments accumulated as fluvioglacial and glaciolacustrine deltaic deposits. Density underflow generated turbidity currents from which bottomset sediments were deposited. These comprise distal varved siltstones and shales, stratified pebbly-mudstone with dropstones, and proximal ripple drift cross-laminated sandstones and siltstones. Overlying outwash plain conglomerates and sandstones constitute the topset deposits. Upon abandonment of the outwash plain, shallow-rooted Arctic vegetation developed. Resulting peats exceeded 10 m in thickness and constituted precursors to coal seams in which variations in ash content are attributed to overbank splaying from recognisable anastomosing channels within the coal swamps. This study has illustrated a characteristic paraglacial sedimentation sequence, maximum depositional rates occur immediately after glacial retreat followed by decelerating sedimentation rates through time, leading finally to the development of extensive peats. (29 refs.)","","","","","Netherlands","1979-01-01","","English","Journal Article","","","27:1/2","Journal Name: Palaeogeogr., Palaeoclimatol., Palaeoecol.; (Netherlands); Journal Volume: 27:1/2","","Medium: X; Size: Pages: 67-84","","","","Journal ID: CODEN: PPPYA","https://doi.org/","","2010-05-11","5177495",""