{
  "date" : "2012-09-07",
  "identifier_doecontract" : "",
  "subject" : "60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; 62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE; ANTIGENS; HAZARDS; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PATHOGENS; PROTEINS; SAFETY; VACCINES; VECTORS",
  "description" : "Vaccines were initially developed on an empirical basis, relying mostly on attenuation or inactivation of pathogens. Advances in immunology, molecular biology, biochemistry, genomics, and proteomics have added new perspectives to the vaccinology field. The use of recombinant proteins allows the targeting of immune responses focused against few protective antigens. There are a variety of expression systems with different advantages, allowing the production of large quantities of proteins depending on the required characteristics. Live recombinant bacteria or viral vectors effectively stimulate the immune system as in natural infections and have intrinsic adjuvant properties. DNA vaccines, which consist of non-replicating plasmids, can induce strong long-term cellular immune responses. Prime-boost strategies combine different antigen delivery systems to broaden the immune response. In general, all of these strategies have shown advantages and disadvantages, and their use will depend on the knowledge of the mechanisms of infection of the target pathogen and of the immune response required for protection. In this review, we discuss some of the major breakthroughs that have been achieved using recombinant vaccine technologies, as well as new approaches and strategies for vaccine development, including potential shortcomings and risks.",
  "language" : "English",
  "identifier_report" : "",
  "publisher_sponsor" : "",
  "publisher_country" : "Brazil",
  "source" : "BRN",
  "purl" : "",
  "title" : "Recombinant vaccines and the development of new vaccine strategies",
  "type" : "Journal Article",
  "subject_related" : "",
  "relation" : "Journal Name: Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research; Journal Volume: 45; Journal Issue: 12; Other Information: PMCID: PMC3854212; PMID: 22948379; PUBLISHER-ID: S0100-879X2012007500142; OAI: oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3854212; This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)",
  "entry_date" : "2016-02-22",
  "subject_list" : [ "60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES", "62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE", "ANTIGENS", "HAZARDS", "MOLECULAR BIOLOGY", "PATHOGENS", "PROTEINS", "SAFETY", "VACCINES", "VECTORS" ],
  "publisher_availability" : "Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2012007500142; Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3854212",
  "rights" : "",
  "announced_date" : "2016-02-22",
  "type_qualifier" : "",
  "has_fulltext" : false,
  "coverage" : "",
  "identifier" : "",
  "journal_volume" : "45",
  "creator" : "Nascimento, I. P.; Leite, L. C.C. [Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP (Brazil)]",
  "site_ownership_code" : "BRN",
  "osti_id" : "22432176",
  "journal_issue" : "12",
  "resource_type" : "JOUR",
  "format" : "Medium: X; Size: page(s) 1102-1111",
  "journal_name" : [ ],
  "contributing_organizations" : "",
  "citation_location" : "https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/22432176",
  "publication_year" : 2012,
  "subject_list_commas" : "60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES, 62 RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE, ANTIGENS, HAZARDS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, PATHOGENS, PROTEINS, SAFETY, VACCINES, VECTORS",
  "publisher" : "",
  "identifier_other" : "Journal ID: ISSN 0100-879X; TRN: BR15$0200001618",
  "publisher_research" : "",
  "creators_list" : [ "Nascimento, I. P.", "Leite, L. C.C. [Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP (Brazil)]" ],
  "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-879X2012007500142"
}