"TITLE","AUTHORS","SUBJECT","SUBJECT_RELATED","DESCRIPTION","PUBLISHER","AVAILABILITY","RESEARCH_ORG","SPONSORING_ORG","PUBLICATION_COUNTRY","PUBLICATION_DATE","CONTRIBUTING_ORGS","LANGUAGE","RESOURCE_TYPE","TYPE_QUALIFIER","JOURNAL_ISSUE","JOURNAL_VOLUME","RELATION","COVERAGE","FORMAT","IDENTIFIER","REPORT_NUMBER","DOE_CONTRACT_NUMBER","OTHER_IDENTIFIER","DOI","RIGHTS","ENTRY_DATE","OSTI_IDENTIFIER","PURL_URL" "Parturition in Tsetse Flies: Endocrine Control","Zd'arek, J; Cvacka, J; Sanda, M [Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, AV CR, Prague (Czech Republic)]; Takac, P; Keszeliova, D; Simo, L; Roller, L [Institute of Zoology, SAV, Bratislava (Slovakia)]","60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; ABORTION; BRAIN; CONTRACTION; CONTROL; DEPOSITS; ENZYMES; FEMALES; GLOSSINA; HORMONES; LARVAE; NUCLEOTIDES; PARTURITION; SENSITIVITY; STIMULATION; UTERUS","","A problem in tsetse mass rearing facilities is the increased incidence of abortions of underdeveloped larvae or pupariation of larvae within the mother's uterus. We analysed the problem by investigating neural, hormonal and environmental factors controlling parturition. Input from the mother's brain is essential for normal parturition, since a female whose brain is disconnected by ligation fails to deposit her larva. The expulsion of a larva is stimulated by a putative parturition hormone present within the female's uterus. The hormone also elicits abortion when injected into neck ligated females at earlier stages of pregnancy. This report describes attempts to reveal the chemical nature of this hormone by purification of extracts of uteri of Glossina females and identification of behaviourally active fractions using a MALDI-MS instrument. Genomic (BLAST) analysis of the identified sequences did not reveal a significant match with any protein with bioactive properties in other species. However, similarity with various enzymes or structural proteins (and hypothetical proteins) was detected occasionally. In the Glossina genomic and cDNA databases no nucleotide sequence corresponding to the deduced AA sequences was found. Perhaps the deduced sequences are too short to obtain more significant hits both in protein and nucleotide databases. We also made investigations to elucidate environmental influences and physiological mechanisms associated with tsetse parturition. We found that the circadian rhythm of parturition of flies kept in Bratislava (G. m. morsitans, G. f. fuscipes and G. pallidipes) is less pronounced than under natural conditions. The loss of synchrony in the laboratory may have three possible causes: (i) genetic - absence of selective pressure, (ii) environmental - low intensity or absence of an entraining light or temperature stimulus, and (iii) physiological - impaired sensitivity to olfactory stimulation by a hypothetical 'oviposition' pheromone that is believed to synchronize larviposition. We also monitored and analysed the motor patterns of larviposition behaviour by measuring changes in haemocoel pressure before, during and after parturition. Using the same technique we monitored muscular contractions of the female engaged in copula with the male. Finally, we recorded the behaviour and survival of larvae prematurely deposited or artificially aborted. (author)","","Available from INIS in electronic form. Also available on-line: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/TE_1683_web.pdf; Enquiries should be addressed to IAEA, Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section, E-mail: sales.publications@iaea.org; Web site: http://www.iaea.org/books","International Atomic Energy Agency, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Insect Pest Control Section, Vienna (Austria)","","IAEA","2012-07-15","","English","Technical Report","","","","Other Information: 12 figs., 1 tab., 38 refs.; Related Information: In: Quality Control for Expanded Tsetse Production, Sterilization and Field Application| 149 p.","","Medium: ED; Size: page(s) 63-82","ISBN 978-92-0-130110-9; ISSN 1011-4289","IAEA-TECDOC-1683","","Other: ISBN 978-92-0-130110-9; ISSN 1011-4289; TRN: XA12R0306119144","https://doi.org/","","2013-04-12","22030332","https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/22030332"