Nanomaterials and Water Purification: Opportunities and Challenges Savage, Nora [US Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Research, Office of Research and Development (United States)]; Diallo, Mamadou S. [California Institute of Technology, Materials and Process Simulation Center, Beckman Institute 139-74 (United States)], E-mail: diallo@wag.caltech.edu 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; BACTERIA; GROUND WATER; NANOSTRUCTURES; PURIFICATION; RADIOISOTOPES; TOXICITY; TRACE AMOUNTS; VIRUSES; WASTE WATER; WATER QUALITY; WATER TREATMENT Advances in nanoscale science and engineering suggest that many of the current problems involving water quality could be resolved or greatly ameliorated using nanosorbents, nanocatalysts, bioactive nanoparticles, nanostructured catalytic membranes and nanoparticle enhanced filtration among other products and processes resulting from the development of nanotechnology. Innovations in the development of novel technologies to desalinate water are among the most exciting and promising. Additionally, nanotechnology-derived products that reduce the concentrations of toxic compounds to sub-ppb levels can assist in the attainment of water quality standards and health advisories. This article gives an overview of the use of nanomaterials in water purification. We highlight recent advances on the development of novel nanoscale materials and processes for treatment of surface water, groundwater and industrial wastewater contaminated by toxic metal ions, radionuclides, organic and inorganic solutes, bacteria and viruses. In addition, we discuss some challenges associated with the development of cost effective and environmentally acceptable functional nanomaterials for water purification. Netherlands 2005-10-15 English Journal Article Journal Name: Journal of Nanoparticle Research; Journal Volume: 7; Journal Issue: 4-5; Other Information: DOI: 10.1007/s11051-005-7523-5; Copyright (c) 2005 Springer; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Medium: X; Size: page(s) 331-342 https://doi.org/10.1007/S11051-005-7523-5 [] 4-5 7 Journal ID: ISSN 1388-0764; TRN: NL07K1901094496 NLN 2010-01-01 21082747