{
  "date" : "2007-10-15",
  "identifier_doecontract" : "",
  "subject" : "14 SOLAR ENERGY; ARGON; TUNGSTEN OXIDES; TUNGSTATES; TUNGSTEN; HYDROGEN; NITROGEN; FILMS; PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT; CALCIUM NITRIDES; POLYCRYSTALS; OXYGEN; PHOTOCURRENTS; SILICON; DOPED MATERIALS; PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS; ABSORPTION; RED SHIFT; COMPACTS; DEPOSITION; EFFICIENCY; EQUIPMENT; GROWTH; ILLUMINANCE; MORPHOLOGY",
  "description" : "In the context of photoelectrochemical water-splitting, tungsten oxide films have been fabricated at low processing temperatures (<250{sup o}C) by reactive sputtering from tungsten targets in an argon/oxygen ambient. The films have a dense, compact morphology and show columnar growth. Amorphous and highly polycrystalline films can be produced depending on the deposition conditions; polycrystalline phases appear only at higher temperatures and under certain sputter target conditions. Large crystallites proved beneficial to photoelectrochemical performance. A maximum photocurrent of 2.7mA/cm{sup 2} (at 1.6 V vs SCE) was observed in 0.33MH{sub 3}PO{sub 4} under AM 1.5 Global illumination, exceeding published results for material fabricated at higher temperatures (in the 400-600{sup o}C range). Doping of sputtered tungsten oxide films with nitrogen results in a red-shifted absorption edge, but so far not in increased photocurrents. The maximum photocurrent of a nitrogen-doped sample was measured at 2.3mA/cm{sup 2} (at 1.6 V vs SCE). A multi-junction photoanode based on the best available sputtered WO{sub 3} film and an amorphous silicon photovoltaic device is projected to operate at 2.2% solar-to-hydrogen efficiency. (author)",
  "language" : "English",
  "identifier_report" : "",
  "publisher_sponsor" : "",
  "publisher_country" : "United Kingdom",
  "source" : "GB",
  "purl" : "",
  "title" : "Progress in sputtered tungsten trioxide for photoelectrode applications",
  "type" : "Journal Article",
  "subject_related" : "",
  "relation" : "Journal Name: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy; Journal Volume: 32; Journal Issue: 15; Other Information: Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved",
  "entry_date" : "2010-01-01",
  "subject_list" : [ "14 SOLAR ENERGY", "ARGON", "TUNGSTEN OXIDES", "TUNGSTATES", "TUNGSTEN", "HYDROGEN", "NITROGEN", "FILMS", "PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT", "CALCIUM NITRIDES", "POLYCRYSTALS", "OXYGEN", "PHOTOCURRENTS", "SILICON", "DOPED MATERIALS", "PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS", "ABSORPTION", "RED SHIFT", "COMPACTS", "DEPOSITION", "EFFICIENCY", "EQUIPMENT", "GROWTH", "ILLUMINANCE", "MORPHOLOGY" ],
  "publisher_availability" : "Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.01.022",
  "rights" : "",
  "announced_date" : "2008-12-31",
  "type_qualifier" : "",
  "has_fulltext" : false,
  "coverage" : "",
  "identifier" : "",
  "journal_volume" : "32",
  "creator" : "Marsen, Bjorn; Miller, Eric L; Paluselli, Daniela; Rocheleau, Richard E [Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States)]",
  "site_ownership_code" : "GB",
  "osti_id" : "20969400",
  "journal_issue" : "15",
  "resource_type" : "JOUR",
  "format" : "Medium: X; Size: page(s) 3110-3115",
  "journal_name" : [ ],
  "contributing_organizations" : "",
  "citation_location" : "https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/20969400",
  "publication_year" : 2007,
  "subject_list_commas" : "14 SOLAR ENERGY, ARGON, TUNGSTEN OXIDES, TUNGSTATES, TUNGSTEN, HYDROGEN, NITROGEN, FILMS, PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT, CALCIUM NITRIDES, POLYCRYSTALS, OXYGEN, PHOTOCURRENTS, SILICON, DOPED MATERIALS, PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS, ABSORPTION, RED SHIFT, COMPACTS, DEPOSITION, EFFICIENCY, EQUIPMENT, GROWTH, ILLUMINANCE, MORPHOLOGY",
  "publisher" : "",
  "identifier_other" : "Journal ID: ISSN 0360-3199; IJHEDX; TRN: GB07V3618",
  "publisher_research" : "",
  "creators_list" : [ "Marsen, Bjorn", "Miller, Eric L", "Paluselli, Daniela", "Rocheleau, Richard E [Hawaii Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States)]" ],
  "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2006.01.022"
}