TY - THES TI - Ultra-short X-ray sources generated through laser-matter interaction and their applications; Sources de rayonnement X ultrabref generees par interaction laser-matiere et leurs applications AB - This work is dedicated to the sources of ultra-short X-rays. The K{sub {alpha}} source, the non-linear Thomson source, the betatron source and the X-{gamma} source are presented. We show that a pump-probe experiment where the pump is a laser excitation and the probe is the X-K{sub {alpha}} ultra-short radiation, can be used to study the dynamics of material structure with a time resolution of 100 femtosecond. We describe 2 applications that have been achieved in the field of solid physics by using the diffraction technique with a time resolution in the range of the femtosecond. The first application has permitted the observation and characterization of the ultra-quick solid-phase transition that occurs on the surface of a semiconductor crystal. The second experiment deals with the role of optical phonons in the antecedent processes that lead to such ultra-quick solid-phase transitions. (A.C.) AU - "Rousse, A" KW - "75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY" KW - "LASER RADIATION" KW - "PULSE TECHNIQUES" KW - "TIME RESOLUTION" KW - "X-RAY DIFFRACTION" KW - "X-RAY SOURCES" DO - https://doi.org/ UR - https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20727017 PB - CY - France PY - 2004 DA - 2004-04-15 LA - French J2 - [] VL - C1 - Paris-11 Univ., 91 - Orsay (France); Ecole Nationale Superieure de Techniques Avancees, Lab. d'Optique Appliquee (LOA), CNRS-ENSTA, 91 - Palaiseau (France) C2 - C3 - FRNC-TH-6428 C4 - C5 - Available from INIS in electronic form L3 - Other Information: TH: These rayonnement x ultrabreves et applications; 131 refs ER -