{
  "date" : "2000-08-01",
  "identifier_doecontract" : "",
  "subject" : "42 ENGINEERING; BUBBLES; CRITICAL HEAT FLUX; FILM BOILING; HEAT TRANSFER; LIQUIDS; NITROGEN; NUCLEATE BOILING; PHOTOGRAPHY; PRESSURIZATION; SUPERHEATING; SURFACES; VAPORS; WATER",
  "description" : "The behavior of vapor bubbles and vapor film during the transition from non-boiling regime such as natural convection or transient conduction regime to film boiling regime on a 1.2-mm diameter platinum horizontal cylinder in liquid nitrogen and in water due to exponentially increasing heat inputs, ranging from a quasi-steady state heat input to a very rapidly increasing one, were examined by photographs taken by a high-speed video camera. The experiments for water were performed for the two cases without and with pre-pressurization before each experimental run. It was confirmed by the observation of vapor behavior that the direct transitions in liquid nitrogen and in water which is pre-pressurized before each run occur due to the explosive-like heterogeneous spontaneous nucleation (HSN) in originally flooded cavities not only in the transient conduction regime, but also in quasi-steadily increasing natural convection regime without the vapor bubbles from active cavities entraining vapor. It was also confirmed that the semi-direct transition from conduction regime to film boiling with nucleate boiling due to the rapidly increasing heat inputs in water occurs due to the HSN with nucleate boiling at around the lower limit of HSN surface superheat in subcooled water even for the non-prepressure case. The lower limit of HSN surface superheat was measured as an initial boiling surface superheat caused by a quasi-steadily increasing heat input for the case with pre-pressurization before each experimental run.",
  "language" : "English",
  "identifier_report" : "",
  "publisher_sponsor" : "",
  "publisher_country" : "Netherlands",
  "source" : "NLN",
  "purl" : "",
  "title" : "Photographic study on transitions from non-boiling and nucleate boiling regime to film boiling due to increasing heat inputs in liquid nitrogen and water",
  "type" : "Journal Article",
  "subject_related" : "",
  "relation" : "Journal Name: Nuclear Engineering and Design; Journal Volume: 200; Journal Issue: 1-2; Other Information: PII: S0029549399003258; Copyright (c) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved; Country of input: Syrian Arab Repubic; PBD: Aug 2000",
  "entry_date" : "2010-12-31",
  "subject_list" : [ "42 ENGINEERING", "BUBBLES", "CRITICAL HEAT FLUX", "FILM BOILING", "HEAT TRANSFER", "LIQUIDS", "NITROGEN", "NUCLEATE BOILING", "PHOTOGRAPHY", "PRESSURIZATION", "SUPERHEATING", "SURFACES", "VAPORS", "WATER" ],
  "publisher_availability" : "",
  "rights" : "",
  "announced_date" : "2004-01-29",
  "type_qualifier" : "",
  "has_fulltext" : false,
  "coverage" : "",
  "identifier" : "",
  "journal_volume" : "200",
  "creator" : "Sakurai, A; Shiotsu, M; Hata, K; Fukuda, K",
  "site_ownership_code" : "NLN",
  "osti_id" : "20416460",
  "journal_issue" : "1-2",
  "resource_type" : "JOUR",
  "format" : "Medium: X; Size: page(s) 39-54",
  "journal_name" : [ ],
  "contributing_organizations" : "",
  "citation_location" : "https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/20416460",
  "publication_year" : 2000,
  "subject_list_commas" : "42 ENGINEERING, BUBBLES, CRITICAL HEAT FLUX, FILM BOILING, HEAT TRANSFER, LIQUIDS, NITROGEN, NUCLEATE BOILING, PHOTOGRAPHY, PRESSURIZATION, SUPERHEATING, SURFACES, VAPORS, WATER",
  "publisher" : "",
  "identifier_other" : "Journal ID: ISSN 0029-5493; NEDEAU; TRN: NL03S6968001172",
  "publisher_research" : "",
  "creators_list" : [ "Sakurai, A", "Shiotsu, M", "Hata, K", "Fukuda, K" ],
  "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0029-5493(99)00325-8"
}