{
  "date" : "1999-11-01",
  "identifier_doecontract" : "",
  "subject" : "63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGANISMS AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY; SWINE; SOILS; RATS; HEALTH HAZARDS; ANIMALS; RISK ASSESSMENT; IN VIVO; LEAD; MAN; SLAGS; TOXICITY; MINERAL WASTES; TAILINGS; MINING; SOLUBILITY; ARSENIC",
  "description" : "Accurate risk assessment of oral availability of metals from soil must account for the bioavailability of the metal in site-specific soil, relative to the bioavailability of the metal in the form administered in the toxicity study (i.e., the relative bioavailability of the element in soil). Historically, relative bioavailability estimates for metals in soil have been based on in vivo studies in laboratory animals. Given the costs and time constraints associated with such studies, it is clear that a more efficient alternative is desirable. The most promising option involves the development and validation of in vitro extraction tests that are predictive of oral metals bioavailability from soil. Such tests would provide a rapid and inexpensive method for developing more accurate exposure estimates for use in human health risk assessments. This paper reviews the site-specific in vivo studies that have been conducted to estimate the relative bioavailability of arsenic and lead in soil, discusses the soil and mineralogical factors that influence the bioavailability of these elements, and reviews the research to date on the development of bioavailability-predictive extraction tests for metals in soil. Finally, this paper outlines an ongoing collaborative research project to formally validate an in vitro extraction test for use in estimating the oral bioavailability of arsenic and lead in soil. 64 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.",
  "language" : "English",
  "identifier_report" : "",
  "publisher_sponsor" : "",
  "publisher_country" : "United States",
  "source" : "CLA; EDB-00:018917; CLA-00:020012",
  "purl" : "",
  "title" : "Advances in evaluation the oral bioavailability of inorganics in soil for use in human health risk assessment",
  "type" : "Journal Article",
  "subject_related" : "",
  "relation" : "Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology; Journal Volume: 33; Journal Issue: 21; Other Information: PBD: 1 Nov 1999",
  "entry_date" : "2010-12-30",
  "subject_list" : [ "63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGANISMS AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS", "BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY", "SWINE", "SOILS", "RATS", "HEALTH HAZARDS", "ANIMALS", "RISK ASSESSMENT", "IN VIVO", "LEAD", "MAN", "SLAGS", "TOXICITY", "MINERAL WASTES", "TAILINGS", "MINING", "SOLUBILITY", "ARSENIC" ],
  "publisher_availability" : "",
  "rights" : "",
  "announced_date" : "2000-05-12",
  "type_qualifier" : "",
  "has_fulltext" : false,
  "coverage" : "",
  "identifier" : "",
  "journal_volume" : "33",
  "creator" : "Ruby, M V; Schoof, R; Brattin, W; Goldade, M; Post, G; Harnois, M; Mosby, D E; Casteel, S W; Berti, W; Carpenter, M; Edwards, D; Cragin, D; Chappell, W [Exponent Environmental Group, Boulder, CO (USA)]",
  "site_ownership_code" : "CLA",
  "osti_id" : "20021365",
  "journal_issue" : "21",
  "resource_type" : "JOUR",
  "format" : "Medium: X; Size: page(s) 3697-3705",
  "journal_name" : [ ],
  "contributing_organizations" : "",
  "citation_location" : "https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/20021365",
  "publication_year" : 1999,
  "subject_list_commas" : "63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGANISMS AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS, BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY, SWINE, SOILS, RATS, HEALTH HAZARDS, ANIMALS, RISK ASSESSMENT, IN VIVO, LEAD, MAN, SLAGS, TOXICITY, MINERAL WASTES, TAILINGS, MINING, SOLUBILITY, ARSENIC",
  "publisher" : "",
  "identifier_other" : "Journal ID: ISSN 0013-936X; ESTHAG; TRN: 000200012",
  "publisher_research" : "",
  "creators_list" : [ "Ruby, M V", "Schoof, R", "Brattin, W", "Goldade, M", "Post, G", "Harnois, M", "Mosby, D E", "Casteel, S W", "Berti, W", "Carpenter, M", "Edwards, D", "Cragin, D", "Chappell, W [Exponent Environmental Group, Boulder, CO (USA)]" ],
  "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1021/es990479z"
}