%A"Roos, Anders [Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala (Sweden). Dept. of Forest-Industry-Market Studies]" %D1998 %I; Swedish National Energy Administration, Eskilstuna (Sweden) %2 %J[] %K09 BIOMASS FUELS, MARKET, BIOMASS, TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, FEASIBILITY STUDIES, ENERGY POLICY, WOOD FUELS, DISTRICT HEATING, FUEL PELLETS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ECONOMICS, USA, AUSTRIA, SWEDEN, INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY, COMPILED DATA %PMedium: P; Size: 102 pages %TCritical factors for bioenergy technology implementation. Five case studies of bioenergy markets in the United States, Sweden and Austria %XThis report analyses the driving forces of, and barriers to, biomass energy technology implementation with the objective of defining the most important factors behind the growth of bioenergy markets and suggesting strategies for policy makers and investors. The approach is to describe the important factors for the development of real bioenergy markets at two levels: (1) Institutional, primarily policy, and (2) market structure. Concepts from economic theory, primarily transaction cost theory and industrial organisation, are used in a qualitative way. The report is based on literature studies and field studies of bioenergy markets in three countries: the United States of America, Austria, and Sweden. It is divided into five sections. After the introduction in section one, literature with relevance for this study is reviewed in section two. In section three the energy policy and energy sectors of each country are described. The descriptions include an overview of the biomass energy sectors. Five cases of developed bioenergy markets in the three countries are presented in section four. The cases are residential heating with wood pellets in New Hampshire, United States, biomass power production in Maine, residential heating with pellets in Sweden, biomass district heating in Sweden, and biomass district heating in Austria. All markets are described in terms of the historical development, technical issues, economics, market structure and local policy influences. In the discussion in section five a number of key factors behind the success or failure of bioenergy are presented. Six factors are most important: (1) Complementaries between the bioenergy operations and another activity (for instance when the bioenergy production uses biomass waste products from another industry); (2) economics of scale within the bioenergy business through larger production series, standards, specialization etc.; (3) a competitive bioenergy market (Many sellers and buyers operate in the market and prices and contracting practices are allowed to vary); (4) competition from other energy forms, fossil, nuclear, electric (The features of this competition are also important whether through cost reductions, quality, the execution of market power, or influence on energy policy); (5) a positive treatment by the national government that means that a market is created, and a technological 'pull' situation appears; and (6) the attitude from local governments and local opinion can play an important role by promoting the industry and introducing regulations and control mechanisms that prevent negative side-effects of the activity. Analysis of these six factors helps policy makers or investors to make realistic assumptions about a bioenergy market potential and to make sound investment decisions for public or private money. %0Technical Report %NSTEM-ER-30-1998;Other: ISSN 1403-1892; TRN: SE9907469 %1 %CSweden %Rhttps://doi.org/ Other: ISSN 1403-1892; TRN: SE9907469 SWD %GEnglish