{
  "date" : "1995-04-01",
  "identifier_doecontract" : "",
  "subject" : "25 ENERGY STORAGE; GRAPHITE; ANODES; CLATHRATES; LAYERS; ELECTRIC BATTERIES; LITHIUM; SULFUR DIOXIDE; THIONYL CHLORIDES; DME; CARBONIC ACID ESTERS; FILMS; LITHIUM PERCHLORATES; POLAROGRAPHY",
  "description" : "To study the filming mechanism of graphite-based LiC{sub n} electrodes, electrochemical reduction of graphite materials was carried out in 1 M LiClO{sub 4}/ethylene carbonate (EC)-1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) (1:1 by volume). Due to film forming a peak at potentials around 0.8 V versus Li/Li{sup +} was observed during the first reduction. The reversibility of this peak was examined by cyclic voltammetry; in addition, the crystal expansion/contraction was checked by means of dilatometry. The results indicate that ternary solvated graphite-intercalation compounds (GICs) were formed at those potentials leading to drastic expansion of the graphite matrix (>150%). These Li(EC){sub y1}(DME){sub y2}C{sub n}-GICs decompose and build up a protective layer on the graphite that prevents further solvent co-intercalation. The beneficial effect of EC-containing electrolytes on the stability of lithium-carbon anodes seems to be related to inorganic films formed via secondary chemical decomposition of electrochemically formed EC-GICs. The key-role of inorganic films is also demonstrated by the fact that inorganic additives, such as carbon dioxide, suppress the formation of solvated GICs. Furthermore, it can be seen that lithium-carbon negatives can even be operated in inorganic electrolytes such as SO{sub 2} and SOCl{sub 2}. (orig.)",
  "language" : "English",
  "identifier_report" : "CONF-940568-",
  "publisher_sponsor" : "",
  "publisher_country" : "Switzerland",
  "source" : "CHF; SCA: 250903; PA: CHF-95:0GI367; EDB-95:147784; SN: 95001456422",
  "purl" : "",
  "title" : "Filming mechanism of lithium-carbon anodes in organic and inorganic electrolytes",
  "type" : "Journal Article",
  "subject_related" : "",
  "relation" : "Journal Name: Journal of Power Sources; Journal Volume: 54; Journal Issue: 2; Conference: 7. international meeting on lithium batteries (IMLB-7), Cambridge, MA (United States), 15-20 May 1994; Other Information: PBD: Apr 1995",
  "entry_date" : "2010-12-29",
  "subject_list" : [ "25 ENERGY STORAGE", "GRAPHITE", "ANODES", "CLATHRATES", "LAYERS", "ELECTRIC BATTERIES", "LITHIUM", "SULFUR DIOXIDE", "THIONYL CHLORIDES", "DME", "CARBONIC ACID ESTERS", "FILMS", "LITHIUM PERCHLORATES", "POLAROGRAPHY" ],
  "publisher_availability" : "",
  "rights" : "",
  "announced_date" : "1995-11-27",
  "type_qualifier" : "",
  "has_fulltext" : false,
  "coverage" : "",
  "identifier" : "",
  "journal_volume" : "54",
  "creator" : "Besenhard, J O [Inst. fuer Chemische Technologie Anorganischer Stoffe, Technische Univ., Graz (Austria)]; Winter, M [Inst. fuer Chemische Technologie Anorganischer Stoffe, Technische Univ., Graz (Austria)]; Yang, J [Inst. fuer Chemische Technologie Anorganischer Stoffe, Technische Univ., Graz (Austria)]; Biberacher, W [Walther-Meissner-Inst. fuer Tieftemperaturforschung, Garching (Germany)]",
  "site_ownership_code" : "CHF",
  "osti_id" : "123073",
  "journal_issue" : "2",
  "resource_type" : "JOUR",
  "format" : "Medium: X; Size: pp. 228-231",
  "journal_name" : [ ],
  "contributing_organizations" : "",
  "citation_location" : "https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/biblio/123073",
  "publication_year" : 1995,
  "subject_list_commas" : "25 ENERGY STORAGE, GRAPHITE, ANODES, CLATHRATES, LAYERS, ELECTRIC BATTERIES, LITHIUM, SULFUR DIOXIDE, THIONYL CHLORIDES, DME, CARBONIC ACID ESTERS, FILMS, LITHIUM PERCHLORATES, POLAROGRAPHY",
  "publisher" : "",
  "identifier_other" : "Journal ID: JPSODZ; ISSN 0378-7753; TRN: CH95GI367",
  "publisher_research" : "",
  "creators_list" : [ "Besenhard, J O [Inst. fuer Chemische Technologie Anorganischer Stoffe, Technische Univ., Graz (Austria)]", "Winter, M [Inst. fuer Chemische Technologie Anorganischer Stoffe, Technische Univ., Graz (Austria)]", "Yang, J [Inst. fuer Chemische Technologie Anorganischer Stoffe, Technische Univ., Graz (Austria)]", "Biberacher, W [Walther-Meissner-Inst. fuer Tieftemperaturforschung, Garching (Germany)]" ],
  "doi" : "https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(94)02073-C"
}