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Title: A process for the preparation of cysteine from cystine

Abstract

The present invention in one aspect relates to a process for the simultaneous removal of NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 from a fluid stream comprising mixtures thereof and in another aspect relates to the separation, use and/or regeneration of various chemicals contaminated or spent in the process and which includes the steps of: (A) contacting the fluid stream at a temperature of between about 105.degree. and 180.degree. C. with a liquid aqueous slurry or solution comprising an effective amount of an iron chelate of an amino acid moiety having at least one --SH group; (B) separating the fluid stream from the particulates formed in step (A) comprising the chelate of the amino acid moiety and fly ash; (C) washing and separating the particulates of step (B) with an aqeous solution having a pH value of between about 5 to 8; (D) subsequently washing and separating the particulates of step (C) with a strongly acidic aqueous solution having a pH value of between about 1 to 3; (E) washing and separating the particulates of step (D) with an basic aqueous solution having a pH value of between about 9 to 12; (F) optionally adding additional amino acid moiety, iron (II) and alkali tomore » the aqueous liquid from step (D) to produce an aqueous solution or slurry similar to that in step (A) having a pH value of between about 4 to 12; and (G) recycling the aqueous slurry of step (F) to the contacting zone of step (A). Steps (D) and (E) can be carried out in the reverse sequence, however the preferred order is (D) and then (E). In a preferred embodiment the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation (regeneration) of cysteine from cystine, which includes reacting an aqueous solution of cystine at a pH of between about 9 to 13 with a reducing agent selected from hydrogen sulfide or alkali metal sulfides, sulfur dioxide, an alkali metal sulfite or mixtures thereof for a time and at a temperature effective to cleave and reduce the cystine to cysteine with subsequent recovery of the cysteine. In another preferred embodiment the present invention provides a process for the removal of NO.sub.x, SO.sub.2 and particulates from a fluid stream which includes the steps of (A) injecting into a reaction zone an aqueous solution itself comprising (i) an amino acid moiety selected from those described above; (ii) iron (II) ion; and (iii) an alkali, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH of between about 4 and 11; followed by solids separation and washing as is described in steps (B), (C), (D) and (E) above. The overall process is useful to reduce acid rain components from combustion gas sources.

Inventors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [2]
  1. El Cerrito, CA
  2. Oakland, CA
  3. Morristown, NJ
Issue Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
OSTI Identifier:
866988
Patent Number(s):
4837361
Assignee:
United States of America as represented by United States (Washington, DC)
Patent Classifications (CPCs):
B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION
Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02A - TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
DOE Contract Number:  
AC03-76SF00098
Resource Type:
Patent
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
process; preparation; cysteine; cystine; aspect; relates; simultaneous; removal; fluid; stream; comprising; mixtures; separation; regeneration; various; chemicals; contaminated; spent; steps; contacting; temperature; 105; degree; 180; liquid; aqueous; slurry; solution; effective; amount; iron; chelate; amino; acid; moiety; -sh; separating; particulates; formed; step; fly; ash; washing; aqeous; ph; value; subsequently; strongly; acidic; basic; 12; optionally; adding; additional; ii; alkali; produce; similar; recycling; zone; carried; reverse; sequence; preferred; embodiment; provides; improved; reacting; 13; reducing; agent; selected; hydrogen; sulfide; metal; sulfides; sulfur; dioxide; sulfite; time; cleave; reduce; subsequent; recovery; injecting; reaction; described; iii; 11; followed; solids; overall; useful; rain; components; combustion; gas; sources; optionally adding; metal sulfides; simultaneous removal; liquid aqueous; temperature effective; improved process; effective amount; metal sulfide; aspect relates; fluid stream; fly ash; amino acid; alkali metal; preferred embodiment; aqueous solution; reaction zone; sulfur dioxide; hydrogen sulfide; reducing agent; solution comprising; combustion gas; aqueous slurry; gas source; stream comprising; aqueous liquid; ph value; acidic aqueous; overall process; acid moiety; agent selected; moiety selected; strongly acidic; contacting zone; solids separation; comprising mixtures; iron chelate; various chemical; /999/423/435/

Citation Formats

Chang, Shih-Ger, Liu, David K, Griffiths, Elizabeth A, and Littlejohn, David. A process for the preparation of cysteine from cystine. United States: N. p., 1989. Web.
Chang, Shih-Ger, Liu, David K, Griffiths, Elizabeth A, & Littlejohn, David. A process for the preparation of cysteine from cystine. United States.
Chang, Shih-Ger, Liu, David K, Griffiths, Elizabeth A, and Littlejohn, David. Sun . "A process for the preparation of cysteine from cystine". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/866988.
@article{osti_866988,
title = {A process for the preparation of cysteine from cystine},
author = {Chang, Shih-Ger and Liu, David K and Griffiths, Elizabeth A and Littlejohn, David},
abstractNote = {The present invention in one aspect relates to a process for the simultaneous removal of NO.sub.x and SO.sub.2 from a fluid stream comprising mixtures thereof and in another aspect relates to the separation, use and/or regeneration of various chemicals contaminated or spent in the process and which includes the steps of: (A) contacting the fluid stream at a temperature of between about 105.degree. and 180.degree. C. with a liquid aqueous slurry or solution comprising an effective amount of an iron chelate of an amino acid moiety having at least one --SH group; (B) separating the fluid stream from the particulates formed in step (A) comprising the chelate of the amino acid moiety and fly ash; (C) washing and separating the particulates of step (B) with an aqeous solution having a pH value of between about 5 to 8; (D) subsequently washing and separating the particulates of step (C) with a strongly acidic aqueous solution having a pH value of between about 1 to 3; (E) washing and separating the particulates of step (D) with an basic aqueous solution having a pH value of between about 9 to 12; (F) optionally adding additional amino acid moiety, iron (II) and alkali to the aqueous liquid from step (D) to produce an aqueous solution or slurry similar to that in step (A) having a pH value of between about 4 to 12; and (G) recycling the aqueous slurry of step (F) to the contacting zone of step (A). Steps (D) and (E) can be carried out in the reverse sequence, however the preferred order is (D) and then (E). In a preferred embodiment the present invention provides an improved process for the preparation (regeneration) of cysteine from cystine, which includes reacting an aqueous solution of cystine at a pH of between about 9 to 13 with a reducing agent selected from hydrogen sulfide or alkali metal sulfides, sulfur dioxide, an alkali metal sulfite or mixtures thereof for a time and at a temperature effective to cleave and reduce the cystine to cysteine with subsequent recovery of the cysteine. In another preferred embodiment the present invention provides a process for the removal of NO.sub.x, SO.sub.2 and particulates from a fluid stream which includes the steps of (A) injecting into a reaction zone an aqueous solution itself comprising (i) an amino acid moiety selected from those described above; (ii) iron (II) ion; and (iii) an alkali, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH of between about 4 and 11; followed by solids separation and washing as is described in steps (B), (C), (D) and (E) above. The overall process is useful to reduce acid rain components from combustion gas sources.},
doi = {},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1989},
month = {Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1989}
}