DOE Patents title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Growth of large aluminum nitride single crystals with thermal-gradient control

Abstract

In various embodiments, non-zero thermal gradients are formed within a growth chamber both substantially parallel and substantially perpendicular to the growth direction during formation of semiconductor crystals, where the ratio of the two thermal gradients (parallel to perpendicular) is less than 10, by, e.g., arrangement of thermal shields outside of the growth chamber.

Inventors:
; ;
Issue Date:
Research Org.:
CRYSTAL IS, INC. Green Island, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1345375
Patent Number(s):
9580833
Application Number:
14/686,812
Assignee:
CRYSTAL IS, INC.
Patent Classifications (CPCs):
C - CHEMISTRY C30 - CRYSTAL GROWTH C30B - SINGLE-CRYSTAL-GROWTH
DOE Contract Number:  
FC26-08NT01578
Resource Type:
Patent
Resource Relation:
Patent File Date: 2015 Apr 15
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats

Bondokov, Robert T., Rao, Shailaja P., and Schowalter, Leo J. Growth of large aluminum nitride single crystals with thermal-gradient control. United States: N. p., 2017. Web.
Bondokov, Robert T., Rao, Shailaja P., & Schowalter, Leo J. Growth of large aluminum nitride single crystals with thermal-gradient control. United States.
Bondokov, Robert T., Rao, Shailaja P., and Schowalter, Leo J. Tue . "Growth of large aluminum nitride single crystals with thermal-gradient control". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1345375.
@article{osti_1345375,
title = {Growth of large aluminum nitride single crystals with thermal-gradient control},
author = {Bondokov, Robert T. and Rao, Shailaja P. and Schowalter, Leo J.},
abstractNote = {In various embodiments, non-zero thermal gradients are formed within a growth chamber both substantially parallel and substantially perpendicular to the growth direction during formation of semiconductor crystals, where the ratio of the two thermal gradients (parallel to perpendicular) is less than 10, by, e.g., arrangement of thermal shields outside of the growth chamber.},
doi = {},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Tue Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Magnesium-Aluminum Nitrides
patent, September 1970


INSERT FOR DRILLING UNIT
patent, September 1971


METHOD OF MANUFACTURING ALUMINIUM NITRIDE CRYSTALS FOR SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
patent, January 1972


Adaptive gate video gray level measurement and tracker
patent, September 1975


Adhesive tape bag closure
patent, February 1977


Stable crystalline lithium nitride and process for its preparation
patent, November 1980


High thermal conductivity aluminum nitride ceramic body
patent, October 1985


Light-emitting diode with diagonal faces
patent, February 1992


Aluminum nitride substrate and method for producing same
patent, May 1994


Method for heat-treating a compound semiconductor
patent, February 1996


Method for enhancing aluminum nitride
patent, May 1996


Semiconductor package having an aluminum nitride substrate
patent, December 1997


Aluminum nitride sintered bodies
patent, March 1998


Method for growing a semiconductor single-crystal
patent, January 1999


Low temperature method of preparing GaN single crystals
patent, February 1999


Group III-V nitride semiconductor device
patent, June 1999


IC socket
patent, July 1999


Semiconductor laminating structure
patent, November 1999


Retractable stairs-like stand
patent, December 1999


Single crystal of nitride and process for preparing the same
patent, December 1999


Automated manual transmission controller
patent, December 1999


Tungsten doped crucible and method for preparing same
patent, February 2001


Method for fabricating GaN substrate
patent, April 2001


Bulk single crystals of aluminum nitride
patent, October 2001


Method and apparatus for performing wavelength-conversion using phosphors with light emitting diodes
patent, June 2002


Nitride-based VCSEL or light emitting diode with p-n tunnel junction current injection
patent, February 2003


GaN-based devices using thick (Ga, Al, In)N base layers
patent, March 2003


III-V nitride substrate boule and method of making and using the same
patent, July 2003


Method and apparatus for producing large, single-crystals of aluminum nitride
patent, August 2004


LED reflector for improved light extraction
patent, August 2004


Light emitting diodes including modifications for light extraction
patent, September 2004


Group III nitride LED with undoped cladding layer (5000.137)
patent, October 2004


Light emitting devices with improved extraction efficiency
patent, December 2004


Nitride semiconductor laser
patent, May 2005


Light-emitting diode (LED) with amorphous fluoropolymer encapsulant and lens
patent, July 2005


Bulk GaN and ALGaN single crystals
patent, August 2005


Ultraviolet-light-based disinfection reactor
patent, September 2005


Integrated reflector cup for a light emitting device mount
patent, February 2006


Light emitting diodes including pedestals
patent, April 2006


Method of manufacturing a semiconductor light-emitting element
patent, May 2006


Method for polishing a substrate surface
patent, May 2006


Tantalum based crucible
patent, June 2006


High pressure high temperature growth of crystalline group III metal nitrides
patent, June 2006


Nitride ceramics to mount aluminum nitride seed for sublimation growth
patent, August 2006


Increased light extraction from a nitride LED
patent, October 2006


Powder metallurgy crucible for aluminum nitride crystal growth
patent, May 2007


Light emitting device with patterned surfaces
patent, May 2007


Substrate for nitride semiconductor growth
patent, July 2007


Card type LED illumination source
patent, July 2007


Light emitting diode systems
patent, September 2007


Light emitting diodes including transparent oxide layers
patent, September 2008


Semiconductor light-emitting device and method for fabricating the same
patent, October 2008


Semiconductor light emitting device and method for manufacturing the same
patent, January 2009


Semiconductor light emitting devices and submounts
patent, April 2009


Light-emitting apparatus
patent, June 2009


Lighting device package
patent, December 2009


Nitride semiconductor heterostructures and related methods
patent, December 2009


Doped aluminum nitride crystals and methods of making them
patent, January 2010


Seeded growth process for preparing aluminum nitride single crystals
patent, March 2010


Light emitting element structure using nitride bulk single crystal layer
patent, July 2010


Method and apparatus for producing large, single-crystals of aluminum nitride
patent, August 2010


Color control by alteration of wavelength converting element
patent, March 2011


Method of uniform phosphor chip coating and LED package fabricated using method
patent, May 2011


Light emitting device
patent, June 2011


Methods for controllable doping of aluminum nitride bulk crystals
patent, September 2011


Thick pseudomorphic nitride epitaxial layers
patent, December 2011


Deep-eutectic melt growth of nitride crystals
patent, January 2012


Method and apparatus for producing large, single-crystals of aluminum nitride
patent, February 2012


Nitride semiconductor heterostructures and related methods
patent, July 2012


Defect reduction in seeded aluminum nitride crystal growth
patent, December 2012


Large aluminum nitride crystals with reduced defects and methods of making them
patent, January 2013


Method and apparatus for producing large, single-crystals of aluminum nitride
patent, October 2013


Large aluminum nitride crystals with reduced defects and methods of making them
patent, November 2013


Doped aluminum nitride crystals and methods of making them
patent, June 2014


Defect reduction in seeded aluminum nitride crystal growth
patent, September 2014


Method and apparatus for producing large, single-crystals of aluminum nitride
patent, November 2014


Photon extraction from nitride ultraviolet light-emitting devices
patent, February 2015


Led having angled sides for increased side light extraction
patent-application, April 2001


Use of CSOH in a Dielectric CMP Slurry
patent-application, December 2001


Light emitting diodes with improved light extraction efficiency
patent-application, March 2002


Method and apparatus for growing aluminum nitride monocrystals
patent-application, November 2002


FCSEL that frequency doubles its output emissions using sum-frequency generation
patent-application, August 2003


Method and apparatus for producing large, single-crystals of aluminum nitride
patent-application, September 2003


Light-emitting gallium nitride-based compound semiconductor device
patent-application, November 2003


Method for polishing a substrate surface
patent-application, February 2004


Drain/source extension structure of a field effect transistor including doped high-k sidewall spacers
patent-application, June 2004


Gallium nitride material devices and methods of forming the same
patent-application, July 2004


Method of fabricating monocrystalline crystals
patent-application, September 2004


Strain compensated semiconductor structures
patent-application, October 2004


Nitride Semiconductor Layer Structure and a Nitride Semiconductor Laser Incorporating a Portion of Same
patent-application, October 2004


Methods of growing nitride-based film using varying pulses
patent-application, November 2004


Methods for machining ceramics
patent-application, November 2004


Homoepitaxial gallium-nitride-based light emitting device and method for producing
patent-application, December 2004


Light emitting element structure using nitride bulk single crystal layer
patent-application, December 2004


Discharge electrode, a discharge lamp and a method for manufacturing the discharge electrode
patent-application, March 2005


Group-III nitride semiconductor device
patent-application, April 2005


Large area, uniformly low dislocation density GaN substrate and process for making the same
patent-application, May 2005


Method and apparatus for fabricating crack-free Group III nitride semiconductor materials
patent-application, June 2005


AlxInyGa1-x-yN mixture crystal substrate, method of growing same and method of producing same
patent-application, July 2005


Bulk GaN and AlGaN single crystals
patent-application, July 2005


Fabrication of nonpolar indium gallium nitride thin films, heterostructures and devices by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
patent-application, September 2005


Single crystals and methods for fabricating same
patent-application, October 2005


Surface treatment method and surface treatment device
patent-application, December 2005


Nitride single crystal and producing method thereof
patent-application, December 2005


Gallium nitride materials and methods associated with the same
patent-application, December 2005


Method and apparatus for producing large, single-crystals of aluminum nitride
patent-application, January 2006


High surface quality GaN wafer and method of fabricating same
patent-application, February 2006


Substrate for epitaxy and method of preparing the same
patent-application, March 2006


Nitride-based light emitting heterostructure
patent-application, June 2006


Compensating liquid delivery system and method
patent-application, August 2006


Bonded intermediate substrate and method of making same
patent-application, November 2006


Method for manufacturing nitride-based semiconductor device
patent-application, December 2006


Polar surface preparation of nitride substrates
patent-application, December 2006


Light emitting diodes with high light extraction and high reflectivity
patent-application, January 2007


Photocrosslinked hydrogel surface coatings
patent-application, April 2007


Method and apparatus for producing large, single-crystals of aluminum nitride
patent-application, May 2007


High light extraction efficiency light emitting diode (LED)
patent-application, May 2007


Doped aluminum nitride crystals and methods of making them
patent-application, June 2007


Large aluminum nitride crystals with reduced defects and methods of making them
patent-application, June 2007


Water purifier
patent-application, July 2007


Method of Fabricating Light Emitting Device and Thus-Fabricated Light Emitting Device
patent-application, September 2007


Methods for controllable doping of aluminum nitride bulk crystals
patent-application, October 2007


Seeded growth process for preparing aluminum nitride single crystals
patent-application, November 2007


Method and apparatus for producing large, single-crystals of aluminum nitride
patent-application, January 2008


LED PACKAGE WITH CONVERGING EXTRACTOR
patent-application, January 2008


Light Emitting Devices with Improved Light Extraction Efficiency
patent-application, January 2008


Light emitting packages and methods of making same
patent-application, March 2008


Semiconductor Devices Having Low Threading Dislocations and Improved Light Extraction and Methods of Making the Same
patent-application, May 2008


Nitride light-emitting device
patent-application, May 2008


Spatial localization of light-generating portions in LEDs
patent-application, June 2008


CHIP-SCALE METHODS FOR PACKAGING LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES AND CHIP-SCALE PACKAGED LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES
patent-application, June 2008


LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES WITH AN ELECTRICALLY ACTIVE TOP REFLECTOR CONTACT
patent-application, June 2008


LIGHT-EMITTING APPARATUS AND METHOD OF PRODUCING THE SAME
patent-application, June 2008


LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES
patent-application, July 2008


Self-luminous device
patent-application, July 2008


DEFECT REDUCTION IN SEEDED ALUMINUM NITRIDE CRYSTAL GROWTH
patent-application, July 2008


Thick Pseudomorphic Nitride Epitaxial Layers
patent-application, August 2008


SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE
patent-application, October 2008


Light emitting diode chip
patent-application, October 2008


PATTERNED LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES
patent-application, January 2009


Group III nitride-based compound semiconductor light emitting device
patent-application, February 2009


DEEP-EUTECTIC MELT GROWTH OF NITRIDE CRYSTALS
patent-application, February 2009


WHITE LIGHT LED WITH MULTIPLE ENCAPSULATION LAYERS
patent-application, March 2009


METHOD OF MAKING AN LED DEVICE HAVING A DOME LENS
patent-application, March 2009


LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE
patent-application, March 2009


NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR ULTRAVIOLET LEDS WITH TUNNEL JUNCTIONS AND REFLECTIVE CONTACT
patent-application, April 2009


LED with current confinement structure and surface roughening
patent-application, May 2009


HIGH LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED) USING GLASS PACKAGING
patent-application, May 2009


Substrate-free light emitting diode chip
patent-application, June 2009


LIGHT OUTPUT ENHANCED GALLIUM NITRIDE BASED THIN LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
patent-application, June 2009


PROTECTION OF SIGE DURING ETCH AND CLEAN OPERATIONS
patent-application, June 2009


NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR SUBSTRATE AND METHOD OF PRODUCING SAME
patent-application, June 2009


LIGHT EMITTING DIODE STRUCTURE AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING THE SAME
patent-application, June 2009


LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE
patent-application, July 2009


LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES WITH HIGH EFFICIENCY PHOSPOR STRUCTURES
patent-application, July 2009


Led with substrate modifications for enhanced light extraction and method of making same
patent-application, September 2009


AlGaN SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCTION METHOD THEREOF
patent-application, September 2009


LEDs using single crystalline phosphor and methods of fabricating same
patent-application, October 2009


SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING THE SAME
patent-application, October 2009


SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE
patent-application, October 2009


LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE AND METHOD FOR FABRICATION THEREOF
patent-application, November 2009


NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES AND RELATED METHODS
patent-application, November 2009


LED WITH IMPROVED EXTERNAL LIGHT EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY
patent-application, December 2009


SEMICONDUCTOR LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE
patent-application, December 2009


LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE
patent-application, January 2010


Diode having high brightness and method thereof
patent-application, January 2010


HIGHLY EFFICIENT GALLIUM NITRIDE BASED LIGHT EMITTING DIODES VIA SURFACE ROUGHENING
patent-application, February 2010


BOND PAD DESIGN FOR ENHANCING LIGHT EXTRACTION FROM LED CHIPS
patent-application, February 2010


NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES AND RELATED METHODS
patent-application, June 2010


Doped Aluminum Nitride Crystals and Methods of Making Them
patent-application, July 2010


THICK PSEUDOMORPHIC NITRIDE EPITAXIAL LAYERS
patent-application, October 2010


In-line Fluid Treatment by UV Radiation
patent-application, December 2010


ALUMINUM NITRIDE BULK CRYSTALS HAVING HIGH TRANSPARENCY TO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT AND METHODS OF FORMING THEM
patent-application, January 2011


LIGHT EMITTING DIODES WITH SMOOTH SURFACE FOR REFLECTIVE ELECTRODE
patent-application, January 2011


METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LARGE, SINGLE-CRYSTALS OF ALUMINUM NITRIDE
patent-application, January 2011


GROWTH OF LARGE ALUMINUM NITRIDE SINGLE CRYSTALS WITH THERMAL-GRADIENT CONTROL
patent-application, January 2012


POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM NITRIDE MATERIAL AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION THEREOF
patent-application, January 2012


THICK PSEUDOMORPHIC NITRIDE EPITAXIAL LAYERS
patent-application, May 2012


P-CONTACT AND LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE FOR THE ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRAL RANGE
patent-application, June 2012


LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS OF MANUFACTURING
patent-application, January 2013


ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EMITTING DEVICES HAVING ENHANCED LIGHT EXTRACTION
patent-application, April 2013


ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE INCORPORTING OPTICALLY ABSORBING LAYERS
patent-application, April 2013


LARGE ALUMINUM NITRIDE CRYSTALS WITH REDUCED DEFECTS AND METHODS OF MAKING THEM
patent-application, June 2013


DEFECT REDUCTION IN SEEDED ALUMINUM NITRIDE CRYSTAL GROWTH
patent-application, June 2013


METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LARGE, SINGLE-CRYSTALS OF ALUMINUM NITRIDE
patent-application, March 2014


LARGE ALUMINUM NITRIDE CRYSTALS WITH REDUCED DEFECTS AND METHODS OF MAKING THEM
patent-application, April 2014


PHOTON EXTRACTION FROM NITRIDE ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES
patent-application, July 2014


DOPED ALUMINUM NITRIDE CRYSTALS AND METHODS OF MAKING THEM
patent-application, August 2014


PSEUDOMORPHIC ELECTRONIC AND OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES HAVING PLANAR CONTACTS
patent-application, September 2014


DEFECT REDUCTION IN SEEDED ALUMINUM NITRIDE CRYSTAL GROWTH
patent-application, January 2015


METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LARGE, SINGLE-CRYSTALS OF ALUMINUM NITRIDE
patent-application, March 2015


Milliwatt power AlGaN quantum well deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes
journal, November 2003


Lattice Vibration Spectra of Aluminum Nitride
journal, June 1967


Mixing Rocksalt and Wurtzite Structure Binary Nitrides to Form Novel Ternary Alloys: ScGaN and MnGaN
journal, January 2003


On the preparation, optical properties and electrical behaviour of aluminium nitride
journal, April 1967


Crucible Selection in AlN Bulk Crystal Growth
journal, January 2003


Phase equilibria pertinent to the growth of cubic boron nitride
journal, May 1972


Ultraviolet electroluminescence from ordered ZnO nanorod array/p-GaN light emitting diodes
journal, April 2012


The estimation of maximum growth rate for aluminium nitride crystals grown by direct sublimation
journal, November 1992


Synthesis of Aluminum Nitride Nanowires from Carbon Nanotubes
journal, November 2001


The synthesis of aluminum nitride single crystals
journal, March 1974


Native oxide and hydroxides and their implications for bulk AlN crystal growth
journal, August 2008


Natural growth habit of bulk AlN crystals
journal, May 2004


Sublimation growth of AlN bulk crystals in Ta crucibles
journal, July 2005


Electron paramagnetic resonance of a donor in aluminum nitride crystals
journal, February 2006


Properties of Bulk AlN grown by thermodecomposition of AlCl3⋅NH3
journal, September 2003


Optical studies of bulk and homoepitaxial films of III–V nitride semiconductors
journal, July 2005


Seeded growth of AlN single crystals by physical vapor transport
journal, January 2006


Electrical conductivity of materials from mixed aluminum and silicon nitrides
journal, November 1970


The formation of nanopipes caused by donor impurities in GaN: A theoretical study for the case of oxygen
journal, March 1999


Highly Si-doped AlN grown by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy
journal, May 2005


Synchrotron white beam topography characterization of physical vapor transport grown AlN and ammonothermal GaN
journal, December 2002


Growth and characterization of epitaxial layers on aluminum nitride substrates prepared from bulk, single crystals
journal, May 2002


Progress in the Preparation of Aluminum Nitride Substrates from Bulk Crystals
journal, January 2002


Reduction of oxygen contamination in AlN
journal, December 2003


Crucible materials for growth of aluminum nitride crystals
journal, July 2005


Growth of AlN bulk crystals from the vapor phase
journal, January 2001


Seeded growth of AlN bulk single crystals by sublimation
journal, June 2002


Fabrication of native, single-crystal AlN substrates
journal, December 2003


Very low dislocation density AlN substrates for device applications
conference, February 2006


Investigation of Oxygen-Related Luminescence Centres in AlN Ceramics
journal, May 2000


Photoluminescence properties of AlN homoepilayers with different orientations
journal, July 2008


Luminescence properties of wurtzite AlN nanotips
journal, October 2006


The growth and optical properties of large, high-quality AlN single crystals
journal, November 2004


An aluminium nitride light-emitting diode with a wavelength of 210 nanometres
journal, May 2006


Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Gallium Nitride
journal, January 2002


Determination of the concentration of oxygen dissolved in the AlN lattice by hot gas extraction from AlN ceramics
journal, January 1991


Synthesis of the Cubic Form of Boron Nitride
journal, March 1961


Recent Developments in Nitride Chemistry
journal, October 1998


Photoluminescence studies of impurity transitions in AlGaN alloys
journal, August 2006


Deep impurity transitions involving cation vacancies and complexes in AlGaN alloys
journal, May 2005


Photoluminescence studies of impurity transitions in Mg-doped AlGaN alloys
journal, March 2009


Effects of Al composition on luminescence properties of europium implanted AlxGa1−xN (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)
journal, December 2003


Defects and defect identification in group III-nitrides
journal, February 2000