Apparatuses and methods for detecting, identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei and methods of distinguishing neutron stimulation of a radiation particle detector from gamma-ray stimulation of a detector

Cole, Jerald D; Drigert, Mark W; Reber, Edward L; Aryaeinejad, Rahmat

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Title: Apparatuses and methods for detecting, identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei and methods of distinguishing neutron stimulation of a radiation particle detector from gamma-ray stimulation of a detector

Abstract

In one aspect, the invention encompasses a method of detecting radioactive decay, comprising: a) providing a sample comprising a radioactive material, the radioactive material generating decay particles; b)providing a plurality of detectors proximate the sample, the detectors comprising a first set and a second set, the first set of the detectors comprising liquid state detectors utilizing liquid scintillation material coupled with photo tubes to generate a first electrical signal in response to decay particles stimulating the liquid scintillation material, the second set of the detectors comprising solid state detectors utilizing a crystalline solid to generate a second electrical signal in response to decay particles stimulating the crystalline solid; c) stimulating at least one of the detectors to generate at least one of the first and second electrical signals, the at least one of the first and second electrical signals being indicative of radioactive decay in the sample. In another aspect, the invention encompasses an apparatus for identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei of a sample comprising radioactive material that decays to generate neutrons and high-energy .gamma.-rays.

Inventors:

Cole, Jerald D ^[1]; Drigert, Mark W ^[1]; Reber, Edward L ^[1]; Aryaeinejad, Rahmat ^[1]

Idaho Falls, ID

Issue Date:: Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2001

Research Org.:: Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

OSTI Identifier:: 873826

Patent Number(s):: 6255657

Assignee:: Bechtel BWXT Idaho, LLC (Idaho Falls, ID)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):: G - PHYSICS G01 - MEASURING G01T - MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION

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G - PHYSICS G01 - MEASURING G01T - MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
G01T3/00 - Measuring neutron radiation
G01T3/06 - with scintillation detectors
G01T3/08 - with semiconductor detectors

Show less

DOE Contract Number:: AC07-94ID13223

Resource Type:: Patent

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: apparatuses; methods; detecting; identifying; quantitating; radioactive; nuclei; distinguishing; neutron; stimulation; radiation; particle; detector; gamma-ray; aspect; encompasses; method; decay; comprising; providing; sample; material; generating; particles; plurality; detectors; proximate; set; liquid; utilizing; scintillation; coupled; photo; tubes; generate; electrical; signal; response; stimulating; solid; crystalline; signals; indicative; apparatus; decays; neutrons; high-energy; gamma; -rays; scintillation material; decay particles; radioactive material; electrical signals; active material; electrical signal; particle detector; radioactive decay; sample comprising; comprising solid; active nuclei; crystalline solid; /250/

Citation Formats


                    Cole, Jerald D, Drigert, Mark W, Reber, Edward L, and Aryaeinejad, Rahmat. Apparatuses and methods for detecting, identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei and methods of distinguishing neutron stimulation of a radiation particle detector from gamma-ray stimulation of a detector.  United States: N. p., 2001. 
        Web.

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                    Cole, Jerald D, Drigert, Mark W, Reber, Edward L, & Aryaeinejad, Rahmat. Apparatuses and methods for detecting, identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei and methods of distinguishing neutron stimulation of a radiation particle detector from gamma-ray stimulation of a detector.  United States.

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                    Cole, Jerald D, Drigert, Mark W, Reber, Edward L, and Aryaeinejad, Rahmat. Mon .  
        "Apparatuses and methods for detecting, identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei and methods of distinguishing neutron stimulation of a radiation particle detector from gamma-ray stimulation of a detector".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/873826.

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@article{osti_873826,

  title        = {Apparatuses and methods for detecting, identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei and methods of distinguishing neutron stimulation of a radiation particle detector from gamma-ray stimulation of a detector},

  author       = {Cole, Jerald D and Drigert, Mark W and Reber, Edward L and Aryaeinejad, Rahmat},

  abstractNote = {In one aspect, the invention encompasses a method of detecting radioactive decay, comprising: a) providing a sample comprising a radioactive material, the radioactive material generating decay particles; b)providing a plurality of detectors proximate the sample, the detectors comprising a first set and a second set, the first set of the detectors comprising liquid state detectors utilizing liquid scintillation material coupled with photo tubes to generate a first electrical signal in response to decay particles stimulating the liquid scintillation material, the second set of the detectors comprising solid state detectors utilizing a crystalline solid to generate a second electrical signal in response to decay particles stimulating the crystalline solid; c) stimulating at least one of the detectors to generate at least one of the first and second electrical signals, the at least one of the first and second electrical signals being indicative of radioactive decay in the sample. In another aspect, the invention encompasses an apparatus for identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei of a sample comprising radioactive material that decays to generate neutrons and high-energy .gamma.-rays.},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2001},

  month        = {Mon Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2001}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

Band crossing observed in neutron-rich Pd isotopes via spontaneous fission of ${}^{252}{Cf}$
journal, August 1993

Aryaeinejad, R.; Cole, J. D.; Greenwood, R. C.
Physical Review C, Vol. 48, Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.48.566

Identification of γ transitions in ${}^{147}{Ba}$ , ${}^{149}{Ce}$ , and ${}^{151, 153}{Nd}$
journal, August 1996

Babu, B. R. S.; Zhu, S. J.; Ramayya, A. V.
Physical Review C, Vol. 54, Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.54.568

Identification of the $γ$ transitions in Tc and Cs products of $^{252} Cf$ fission and possible ${7 / 2}^{+}$ [413] bands in $^{105 - 109} Tc$ isotopes
journal, May 1998

Hwang, J. K.; Ramayya, A. V.; Hamilton, J. H.
Physical Review C, Vol. 57, Issue 5
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.57.2250

Evidence of unique-parity band structure in neutron-rich odd- A Ru isotopes
journal, September 1995

Butler-Moore, K.; Aryaeinejad, R.; Cole, J. D.
Physical Review C, Vol. 52, Issue 3
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.52.1339

Octupole deformation in 142,143Ba and 144Ce: new band structures in neutron-rich Ba-isotopes
journal, September 1995

Zhu, S. J.; Lu, Q. H.; Hamilton, J. H.
Physics Letters B, Vol. 357, Issue 3
https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)00900-6

Table of Contents
journal, September 1997

,
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 23, Issue 9
https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/23/9/003

Application of X-rays in prompt spectroscopy of 252Cf fission fragments
journal, July 1995

Butler-Moore, K.; Aryaeinejad, R.; Cole, J. D.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 361, Issue 1-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(95)00072-0

Zero neutron emission in spontaneous fission of ²⁵² Cf: a form of cluster radioactivity
journal, August 1994

Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.; Kormicki, J.
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 8
https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/20/8/003

Identification of $^{109} Mo$ and possible octupole correlations in $^{107, 109} Mo$
journal, September 1997

Hwang, J. K.; Ramayya, A. V.; Hamilton, J. H.
Physical Review C, Vol. 56, Issue 3
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.56.1344

Structure of neutron-rich nuclei and neutron multiplicities in spontaneous fission
journal, January 1996

Hamilton, J. H.; Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.
Physics Reports, Vol. 264, Issue 1-5
https://doi.org/10.1016/0370-1573(95)00039-9

New cold and ultra hot binary and cold ternary spontaneous fission modes for 252Cf and new band structures with gammasphere
journal, January 1997

Hamilton, J.
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 38
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6410(97)00037-9

New Spontaneous Fission Mode for $^{252} Cf$ : Indication of Hyperdeformed $^{144, 145, 146} Ba$ at Scission
journal, July 1996

Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Hamilton, J. H.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.32

Cold (Neutronless) Alpha Ternary Fission of ²⁵² Cf: Theory and Comparison with Experiment
journal, October 1998

Sandulescu, A.; Florescu, A.; Carstoiu, F.
International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 07, Issue 05
https://doi.org/10.1142/S021830139800035X

Identification of levels in ¹⁶⁰ Sm and new high spin states in ^156,158 Sm
journal, July 1995

Zhu, S. J.; Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 7
https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/21/7/002

Structure of ${}^{108, 110, 112}{Ru}$ : Identical bands in ${}^{108, 110}{Ru}$
journal, September 1995

Lu, Q. H.; Butler-Moore, K.; Zhu, S. J.
Physical Review C, Vol. 52, Issue 3
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.52.1348

Identification of new neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes produced in 252Cf spontaneous fission
conference, January 1987

Greenwood, R. C.; Anderl, R. A.; Cole, J. D.
AIP Conference Proceedings Volume 164
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.36957

Levels in ¹³⁶ Te and new high-spin states in neutron-rich N=84 isotones
journal, July 1993

Butler-Moore, K.; Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 7
https://doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/19/7/004

New insights from studies of spontaneous fission with large detector arrays
journal, January 1995

Hamilton, J. H.; Ramayya, A. V.; Zhu, S. J.
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 35
https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6410(95)00048-N

Neutron Multiplicities and Yields of Correlated Zr-Ce and Mo-Ba Fragment Paris in Spontaneous Fission of ${}^{252}{Cf}$
journal, September 1994

Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Hamilton, J. H.; Oganessian, Yu. Ts.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 73, Issue 11
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.1477

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Title: Apparatuses and methods for detecting, identifying and quantitating radioactive nuclei and methods of distinguishing neutron stimulation of a radiation particle detector from gamma-ray stimulation of a detector

Abstract

Citation Formats

Band crossing observed in neutron-rich Pd isotopes via spontaneous fission of Cf 252 journal, August 1993

Identification of γ transitions in Ba 147 , Ce 149 , and Nd 1 5 1 , 1 5 3 journal, August 1996

Identification of the γ transitions in Tc and Cs products of 252 Cf fission and possible 7 / 2 + [413] bands in 105 − 109 Tc isotopes journal, May 1998

Evidence of unique-parity band structure in neutron-rich odd- A Ru isotopes journal, September 1995

Octupole deformation in 142,143Ba and 144Ce: new band structures in neutron-rich Ba-isotopes journal, September 1995

Table of Contents journal, September 1997

Application of X-rays in prompt spectroscopy of 252Cf fission fragments journal, July 1995

Zero neutron emission in spontaneous fission of 252 Cf: a form of cluster radioactivity journal, August 1994

Identification of 109 Mo and possible octupole correlations in 1 0 7 , 1 0 9 Mo journal, September 1997

Structure of neutron-rich nuclei and neutron multiplicities in spontaneous fission journal, January 1996

New cold and ultra hot binary and cold ternary spontaneous fission modes for 252Cf and new band structures with gammasphere journal, January 1997

New Spontaneous Fission Mode for 252 Cf : Indication of Hyperdeformed 1 4 4 , 1 4 5 , 1 4 6 Ba at Scission journal, July 1996

Cold (Neutronless) Alpha Ternary Fission of 252 Cf: Theory and Comparison with Experiment journal, October 1998

Identification of levels in 160 Sm and new high spin states in 156,158 Sm journal, July 1995

Structure of Ru 1 0 8 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 2 : Identical bands in Ru 1 0 8 , 1 1 0 journal, September 1995

Identification of new neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes produced in 252Cf spontaneous fission conference, January 1987

Levels in 136 Te and new high-spin states in neutron-rich N=84 isotones journal, July 1993

New insights from studies of spontaneous fission with large detector arrays journal, January 1995

Neutron Multiplicities and Yields of Correlated Zr-Ce and Mo-Ba Fragment Paris in Spontaneous Fission of Cf 252 journal, September 1994

Band crossing observed in neutron-rich Pd isotopes via spontaneous fission of ${}^{252}{Cf}$
journal, August 1993

Identification of γ transitions in ${}^{147}{Ba}$ , ${}^{149}{Ce}$ , and ${}^{151, 153}{Nd}$
journal, August 1996

Identification of the $γ$ transitions in Tc and Cs products of $^{252} Cf$ fission and possible ${7 / 2}^{+}$ [413] bands in $^{105 - 109} Tc$ isotopes
journal, May 1998

Evidence of unique-parity band structure in neutron-rich odd- A Ru isotopes
journal, September 1995

Octupole deformation in 142,143Ba and 144Ce: new band structures in neutron-rich Ba-isotopes
journal, September 1995

Table of Contents
journal, September 1997

Application of X-rays in prompt spectroscopy of 252Cf fission fragments
journal, July 1995

Zero neutron emission in spontaneous fission of ²⁵² Cf: a form of cluster radioactivity
journal, August 1994

Identification of $^{109} Mo$ and possible octupole correlations in $^{107, 109} Mo$
journal, September 1997

Structure of neutron-rich nuclei and neutron multiplicities in spontaneous fission
journal, January 1996

New cold and ultra hot binary and cold ternary spontaneous fission modes for 252Cf and new band structures with gammasphere
journal, January 1997

New Spontaneous Fission Mode for $^{252} Cf$ : Indication of Hyperdeformed $^{144, 145, 146} Ba$ at Scission
journal, July 1996

Cold (Neutronless) Alpha Ternary Fission of ²⁵² Cf: Theory and Comparison with Experiment
journal, October 1998

Identification of levels in ¹⁶⁰ Sm and new high spin states in ^156,158 Sm
journal, July 1995

Structure of ${}^{108, 110, 112}{Ru}$ : Identical bands in ${}^{108, 110}{Ru}$
journal, September 1995

Identification of new neutron-rich rare-earth isotopes produced in 252Cf spontaneous fission
conference, January 1987

Levels in ¹³⁶ Te and new high-spin states in neutron-rich N=84 isotones
journal, July 1993

New insights from studies of spontaneous fission with large detector arrays
journal, January 1995

Neutron Multiplicities and Yields of Correlated Zr-Ce and Mo-Ba Fragment Paris in Spontaneous Fission of ${}^{252}{Cf}$
journal, September 1994