Extraction of metals using supercritical fluid and chelate forming legand

Wai, Chien M; Laintz, Kenneth E

Title: Extraction of metals using supercritical fluid and chelate forming legand

Abstract

A method of extracting metalloid and metal species from a solid or liquid material by exposing the material to a supercritical fluid solvent containing a chelating agent is described. The chelating agent forms chelates that are soluble in the supercritical fluid to allow removal of the species from the material. In preferred embodiments, the extraction solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide and the chelating agent is a fluorinated .beta.-diketone. In especially preferred embodiments the extraction solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the chelating agent comprises a fluorinated .beta.-diketone and a trialkyl phosphate, or a fluorinated .beta.-diketone and a trialkylphosphine oxide. Although a trialkyl phosphate can extract lanthanides and actinides from acidic solutions, a binary mixture comprising a fluorinated .beta.-diketone and a trialkyl phosphate or a trialkylphosphine oxide tends to enhance the extraction efficiencies for actinides and lanthanides. The method provides an environmentally benign process for removing contaminants from industrial waste without using acids or biologically harmful solvents. The method is particularly useful for extracting actinides and lanthanides from acidic solutions. The chelate and supercritical fluid can be regenerated, and the contaminant species recovered, to provide an economic, efficient process.

Inventors:

Wai, Chien M ^[1]; Laintz, Kenneth E ^[2]

Moscow, ID
Los Alamos, NM

Issue Date:: 1998-03-24

OSTI Identifier:: 871431

Patent Number(s):: 5730874

Assignee:: Idaho Research Foundation, Inc. (Moscow, ID)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):: Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02P - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

C - CHEMISTRY C22 - METALLURGY C22B - PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS

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Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02P - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
Y02P20/54 - characterised by the solvent

C - CHEMISTRY C22 - METALLURGY C22B - PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS
C22B3/0021 - {using ketones or aldehydes}

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01F - COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
C01F17/276 - Nitrates

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION
B01D11/0492 - {Applications, solvents used}

G - PHYSICS G21 - NUCLEAR PHYSICS G21F - PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT
G21F9/125 - {by solvent extraction}

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION
B01D11/0403 - {with a supercritical fluid}

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B09 - DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE B09C - RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
B09C1/02 - Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching {, flotation}

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION
B01D11/0407 - {the supercritical fluid acting as solvent for the solute}
B01D11/0288 - {Applications, solvents}

C - CHEMISTRY C22 - METALLURGY C22B - PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS
C22B3/1641 - {with ketones or aldehydes}

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y10 - TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC Y10S - TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
Y10S210/912 - Heavy metal

C - CHEMISTRY C22 - METALLURGY C22B - PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS
C22B3/0068 - {Phosphoric
C22B3/0024 - {using acids of the carboxylic type or derivatives thereof, e.g. amino acids, nitriles, amides, hydroxamic acids}

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B08 - CLEANING B08B - CLEANING IN GENERAL
B08B7/0021 - {by liquid gases or supercritical fluids}

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02P - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
Y02P10/20 - Process efficiency

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01F - COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
C01F17/17 - involving a liquid-liquid extraction
C01F17/10 - Preparation or treatment, e.g. separation or purification

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION
B01D11/0203 - {with a supercritical fluid}

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DOE Contract Number:: C85-110554

Resource Type:: Patent

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: extraction; metals; supercritical; fluid; chelate; forming; legand; method; extracting; metalloid; metal; species; solid; liquid; material; exposing; solvent; containing; chelating; agent; described; forms; chelates; soluble; allow; removal; preferred; embodiments; carbon; dioxide; fluorinated; beta; -diketone; especially; comprises; trialkyl; phosphate; trialkylphosphine; oxide; extract; lanthanides; actinides; acidic; solutions; binary; mixture; comprising; tends; enhance; efficiencies; provides; environmentally; benign; process; removing; contaminants; industrial; waste; acids; biologically; harmful; solvents; particularly; useful; regenerated; contaminant; recovered; provide; economic; efficient; species recovered; benign process; agent forms; trialkyl phosphate; removing contaminants; extracting metal; allow removal; phosphine oxide; biologically harmful; forms chelates; especially preferred; trialkylphosphine oxide; industrial waste; supercritical carbon; solvent containing; liquid material; environmentally benign; extraction solvent; metal species; preferred embodiments; supercritical fluid; carbon dioxide; preferred embodiment; particularly useful; chelating agent; mixture comprising; method provides; efficient process; fluid solvent; agent comprises; binary mixture; acidic solution; method provide; acidic solutions; contaminant species; extracting metalloid; extraction efficiencies; harmful solvents; extracting actinides; /210/134/252/423/

Citation Formats


                    Wai, Chien M, and Laintz, Kenneth E. Extraction of metals using supercritical fluid and chelate forming legand.  United States: N. p., 1998. 
        Web.

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                    Wai, Chien M, & Laintz, Kenneth E. Extraction of metals using supercritical fluid and chelate forming legand.  United States.

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                    Wai, Chien M, and Laintz, Kenneth E. Tue .  
        "Extraction of metals using supercritical fluid and chelate forming legand".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/871431.

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@article{osti_871431,

  title        = {Extraction of metals using supercritical fluid and chelate forming legand},

  author       = {Wai, Chien M and Laintz, Kenneth E},

  abstractNote = {A method of extracting metalloid and metal species from a solid or liquid material by exposing the material to a supercritical fluid solvent containing a chelating agent is described. The chelating agent forms chelates that are soluble in the supercritical fluid to allow removal of the species from the material. In preferred embodiments, the extraction solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide and the chelating agent is a fluorinated .beta.-diketone. In especially preferred embodiments the extraction solvent is supercritical carbon dioxide, and the chelating agent comprises a fluorinated .beta.-diketone and a trialkyl phosphate, or a fluorinated .beta.-diketone and a trialkylphosphine oxide. Although a trialkyl phosphate can extract lanthanides and actinides from acidic solutions, a binary mixture comprising a fluorinated .beta.-diketone and a trialkyl phosphate or a trialkylphosphine oxide tends to enhance the extraction efficiencies for actinides and lanthanides. The method provides an environmentally benign process for removing contaminants from industrial waste without using acids or biologically harmful solvents. The method is particularly useful for extracting actinides and lanthanides from acidic solutions. The chelate and supercritical fluid can be regenerated, and the contaminant species recovered, to provide an economic, efficient process.},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {1998},

  month        = {3}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

Solvent extraction of dithiocarbamate complexes and back-extraction with mercury(II) for determination of trace metals in seawater by atomic absorption spectrometry
journal, December 1982

Lo, J. M.; Yu, J. C.; Hutchison, F. I.
Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 54, Issue 14
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00251a029

Supercritical fluids offer improved separations: Gases at high pressure and above critical temperature separate compounds under mild conditions, require less energy but more capital
journal, August 1981

Worthy, Ward
Chemical & Engineering News, Vol. 59, Issue 31
https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v059n031.p016

Enhanced extraction of lanthanides with crown ether carboxylic acids of increasing lipophilicity
journal, January 1989

Tang, Jian; Wai, Chien M.
The Analyst, Vol. 114, Issue 4
https://doi.org/10.1039/an9891400451

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Similar Records

Title: Extraction of metals using supercritical fluid and chelate forming legand

Abstract

Citation Formats

Solvent extraction of dithiocarbamate complexes and back-extraction with mercury(II) for determination of trace metals in seawater by atomic absorption spectrometry journal, December 1982

Supercritical fluids offer improved separations: Gases at high pressure and above critical temperature separate compounds under mild conditions, require less energy but more capital journal, August 1981

Enhanced extraction of lanthanides with crown ether carboxylic acids of increasing lipophilicity journal, January 1989

Solvent extraction of dithiocarbamate complexes and back-extraction with mercury(II) for determination of trace metals in seawater by atomic absorption spectrometry
journal, December 1982

Supercritical fluids offer improved separations: Gases at high pressure and above critical temperature separate compounds under mild conditions, require less energy but more capital
journal, August 1981

Enhanced extraction of lanthanides with crown ether carboxylic acids of increasing lipophilicity
journal, January 1989