Electrolyzer and method of use

Ma, Sichao; Hunegnaw, Sara; Huo, Ziyang; Kuhl, Kendra P.; Cave, Etosha R.; Mishra, Ashley D.; Izett, Edward; Leung, Alvin; Bekkedahl, Timothy A.

Title: Electrolyzer and method of use

Abstract

Provided herein are methods for operating carbon oxide (CO_x) reduction reactors (CRR) and related apparatus. In some embodiments, the methods involve shutting off, reducing, or otherwise controlling current during various operation stages including hydration, break-in, normal operation, planned shut-offs, and extended shutoff or storage periods.

Inventors:: Ma, Sichao; Hunegnaw, Sara; Huo, Ziyang; Kuhl, Kendra P.; Cave, Etosha R.; Mishra, Ashley D.; Izett, Edward; Leung, Alvin; Bekkedahl, Timothy A.

Issue Date:: 2022-08-16

Research Org.:: National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, Morgantown, WV, and Albany, OR (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1925005

Patent Number(s):: 11417901

Application Number:: 16/719,359

Assignee:: Twelve Benefit Corporation (Berkeley, CA)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):: C - CHEMISTRY C25 - ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES C25B - ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

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C - CHEMISTRY C25 - ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES C25B - ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS
C25B1/00 - Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
C25B1/04 - by electrolysis of water
C25B15/02 - Process control or regulation

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
H01M8/04574 - {Current}

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02E - REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
Y02E60/50 - Fuel cells

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DOE Contract Number:: AR0000819; FE0031712; NNX17CJ02C

Resource Type:: Patent

Resource Relation:: Patent File Date: 12/18/2019

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats


                    Ma, Sichao, Hunegnaw, Sara, Huo, Ziyang, Kuhl, Kendra P., Cave, Etosha R., Mishra, Ashley D., Izett, Edward, Leung, Alvin, and Bekkedahl, Timothy A. Electrolyzer and method of use.  United States: N. p., 2022. 
        Web.

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                    Ma, Sichao, Hunegnaw, Sara, Huo, Ziyang, Kuhl, Kendra P., Cave, Etosha R., Mishra, Ashley D., Izett, Edward, Leung, Alvin, & Bekkedahl, Timothy A. Electrolyzer and method of use.  United States.

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                    Ma, Sichao, Hunegnaw, Sara, Huo, Ziyang, Kuhl, Kendra P., Cave, Etosha R., Mishra, Ashley D., Izett, Edward, Leung, Alvin, and Bekkedahl, Timothy A. Tue .  
        "Electrolyzer and method of use".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1925005.

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@article{osti_1925005,

  title        = {Electrolyzer and method of use},

  author       = {Ma, Sichao and Hunegnaw, Sara and Huo, Ziyang and Kuhl, Kendra P. and Cave, Etosha R. and Mishra, Ashley D. and Izett, Edward and Leung, Alvin and Bekkedahl, Timothy A.},

  abstractNote = {Provided herein are methods for operating carbon oxide (COx) reduction reactors (CRR) and related apparatus. In some embodiments, the methods involve shutting off, reducing, or otherwise controlling current during various operation stages including hydration, break-in, normal operation, planned shut-offs, and extended shutoff or storage periods.},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2022},

  month        = {8}

}

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Electrolysis of carbon dioxide in aqueous media to carbon monoxide and hydrogen for production of methanol
patent, April 2010

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US Patent Document 7,704,369
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7704369

Polymer Electrolyte Membrane, a Method for Fabricating the Same, and a Membrane-electrode Assembly Including the Same
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Lee, Moo Seok; Shin, Yong Cheol; Kim, Na Young
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URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20150064602

Ion-conducting membranes
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Masel, Richard L.; Chen, Qingmei; Liu, Zengcai
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A Review of the Use of Immobilized Ionic Liquids in the Electrochemical Conversion of CO2
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Kaczur, Jerry J.; Yang, Hongzhou; Liu, Zengcai
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US Patent Document 10,208,385
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/10208385

Multiphase Electrochemical Reduction of CO2
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Sivasankar, Narayanappa; Kaczur, Jerry J.
US Patent Application 13/724522; 20130118911
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20130118911

Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carboxylic Acids, Glycols, and Carboxylates
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Cole, Emily Barton; Teamey, Kyle; Bocarsly, Andrew B.
US Patent Application 14/029444; 20140027303
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Design Principles of Bipolar Electrochemical Co-Electrolysis Cells for Efficient Reduction of Carbon Dioxide from Gas Phase at Low Temperature
journal, January 2019

Pătru, Alexandra; Binninger, Tobias; Pribyl, Bernhard
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 166, Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1221816jes

Carbon dioxide electrolytic device
patent, December 2020

Ono, Akihiko; Motoshige, Asahi; Sugano, Yoshitsune
US Patent Document 10,865,490
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/10865490

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device and Method of Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide
patent-application, March 2019

Ono, Akihiko; Kudo, Yuji; Kitagawa, Ryota
US Patent Application 15/919,255; 2019/0085477 Al
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20190085477

Self-Cleaning CO ₂ Reduction Systems: Unsteady Electrochemical Forcing Enables Stability
journal, February 2021

Xu, Yi; Edwards, Jonathan P.; Liu, Shijie
ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 2
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02401

Catalyst mixtures
patent, February 2015

Masel, Richard I.; Rosen, Brian A.
US Patent Document 8,956,990
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/8956990

Synthesis Gas Production System
patent-application, January 2021

Matsumoto, Jun; Takeda, Dai
US Patent Application 16/643,858; 2021/0002775 Al
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20210002775

Materials and Methods for Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
patent-application, March 2018

Co, Anne; Billy, Joshua; Coleman, Eric
US Patent Application 15/516495; 20180057950
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20180057950

Advances in solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell technology with low platinum loading electrodes
journal, March 1988

Srinivasan, S.; Ticianelli, E. A.; Derouin, C. R.
Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 22, Issue 3-4
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7753(88)80030-2

Carbon dioxide capture and conversion to organic products
patent, February 2014

Lakkaraju, Prasad; Teamey, Kyle
US Patent Document 8,658,016
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/8658016

Ion-Conducting Membranes
patent-application, April 2016

Masel, Richard; Chen, Qingmei; Liu, Zengcai
US Patent Application 14/704935; 20160107154
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20160107154

Gas Phase Electrochemical Reduction Of Carbon Dioxide
patent-application, July 2012

Bocarsly, Andrew; Zeitler, Elizabeth; Mills, Andrew
US Patent Application 13/340155; 20120171583
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20120171583

Design and Fabrication of Electrodes with Gradients
patent-application, December 2012

Thomas-Alyea, Karen E.; Holman, Richard K.; Riley, Jr., Gilbert N.
US Patent Application 13/582778; 20120328942
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20120328942

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device and Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Method
patent-application, September 2018

Kudo, Yuki; Ono, Akihiko; Kitagawa, Ryota
US Patent Application 15/703,364; 2018/0274109 Al
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20180274109

Method for Producing Methanol or Hydrocarbons from a Carbon Material, Including a Reforming Step, the Operating Conditions of Which are Selectively Adjusted
patent-application, December 2013

Lecomte, Michel; Mourgues Codern, Alejandro Carlos
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Title: Electrolyzer and method of use

Abstract

Citation Formats

Electrochemical synthesis of methane patent, September 1986

System and High Surface Area Electrodes for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide patent-application, May 2013

Reducing carbon dioxide to products patent, September 2014

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device patent-application, March 2020

Method for producing gas diffusion electrode and method for producing polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and gas diffusion electrode and polymer electrolyte fuel cell patent, February 2011

Process for Producing a Membrane Electrode Assembly Adn the Membrane Assembly Produced Thereby patent-application, March 2003

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 with co-oxidation of an alcohol patent, September 2014

Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels: a review on the interaction between CO 2 and the liquid electrolyte: Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels journal, February 2017

Electrolysis cell and method of use patent, May 1990

Cathode catalyst, cathode material using the same, and reactor using the same patent, April 2021

Electrocatalytic process for carbon dioxide conversion patent, April 2021

Multilayer Electrolyzer Stack Converts Carbon Dioxide to Gas Products at High Pressure with High Efficiency journal, June 2019

Ion-conducting membranes patent, February 2017

Hydrocarbon reformer for electrochemical cells patent, February 1997

Integrated hydrogen recirculation blower for fuel cell vehicle patent-application, June 2009

Direct alcohol fuel cell with cathode catalyst layer containing silver and method for producing the same patent, February 2014

Devices and processes for carbon dioxide conversion into useful fuels and chemicals patent, November 2015

Impact of Pulsed Electrochemical Reduction of CO 2 on the Formation of C 2+ Products over Cu journal, September 2020

Electrocatalytic Process for Carbon Dioxide Conversion patent-application, September 2017

Controlling the synthesis gas composition of a steam methane reformer patent, September 2012

Method and System for Production of Oxalic Acid and Oxalic Acid Reduction Products patent-application, July 2014

Co-Electrolysis Cell Design for Efficient CO2 Reduction from Gas Phase at Low Temperature patent-application, October 2020

Sustainion Imidazolium-Functionalized Polymers for Carbon Dioxide Electrolysis journal, March 2017

Method and System for Production of Oxalic Acid and Oxalic Acid Reduction Products patent-application, July 2014

Theoretical model with experimental validation of a regenerative blower for hydrogen recirculation in a PEM fuel cell system journal, March 2010

Electrochemical devices comprising novel catalyst mixtures patent, October 2016

Modulated Ionomer Distribution in the Catalyst Layer of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells for High Temperature Operation journal, April 2014

Ion conducting polymer membranes patent, October 2009

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device and Method of Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide patent-application, January 2020

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic System patent-application, January 2020

Effect of solid polymer electrolyte on electrochemical reduction of CO2 journal, June 2012

Design of an Electrochemical Cell Making Syngas (CO + H2) from CO2 and H2O Reduction at Room Temperature journal, January 2008

The effect of electrolyte composition on the electroreduction of CO 2 to CO on Ag based gas diffusion electrodes journal, January 2016

Ion Conducting Membranes With Low Carbon Dioxide Crossover patent-application, December 2020

Electrochemical device for converting carbon dioxide to a reaction product patent, November 2016

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device and Method of Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide patent-application, January 2020

Electrolysis of CO 2 to Syngas in Bipolar Membrane-Based Electrochemical Cells journal, November 2016

Efficient and selective conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol, dimethyl ether and derived products patent, October 2009

Methods and Systems for Microbial Fuel Cells with Improved Cathodes patent-application, January 2015

Ionic Polymer Membrane for a Carbon Dioxide Electrolyzer patent-application, June 2017

Devices for Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide patent-application, April 2018

A membrane electrode assembly for the electrochemical synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO2(g) and H2O(g) journal, January 2015

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device and Method of Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide patent-application, March 2020

Electrolytic Conversion of Bicarbonate into CO in a Flow Cell journal, June 2019

Methanol/air fuel cells patent, May 1989

Ion-exchange structures of copolymer blends useful in electrolytic cells patent, November 1979

Electrocatalytic process for carbon dioxide conversion patent, January 2017

The effects of currents and potentials on the selectivities of copper toward carbon dioxide electroreduction journal, March 2018

A selective and efficient electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction journal, January 2014

Active and Selective Conversion of CO 2 to CO on Ultrathin Au Nanowires journal, November 2014

Electrolyzer and Method of Use patent-application, July 2020

Hydrogenation of formic acid to formaldehyde patent, November 2015

Process for preparing improved cation-exchange membranes patent, August 1977

Hydrogen Recirculation Apparatus for Fuel Cell Vehicle and Method Thereof patent-application, December 2008

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Electrolysis of Gaseous CO 2 to CO in a Flow Cell with a Bipolar Membrane journal, November 2017

System and Method for Attaching a Mask to a Mask Holder patent-application, June 2016

Reactor with Advanced Architecture for the Electrochemical Reaction of CO2, CO and Other Chemical Compounds patent-application, November 2017

Reactor with Advanced Architecture for the Electrochemical Reactino of CO2, CO, and Other Chemical Compounds patent-application, November 2017

Carbon dioxide electrolytic device and method of electrolyzing carbon dioxide patent, March 2021

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Devices And Processes For Carbon Dioxide Conversion Into Useful Fuels And Chemicals patent-application, April 2014

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device and Method of Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide patent-application, March 2021

Electrochemical production of synthesis gas from carbon dioxide patent, May 2014

Methods and devices for the production of hydrocarbons from carbon and hydrogen sources patent, October 2012

Electrolytic CO 2 Reduction in a Flow Cell journal, March 2018

Catalyst mixtures patent, February 2017

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Fluorinated Membranes patent-application, October 2005

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device patent-application, September 2021

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System and Method for Carbon Dioxide Reactor Control patent-application, July 2019

Catheter assembly with seal member patent, February 2014

Electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide conversion patent, April 2015

Electrochemical synthesis of methane
patent, September 1986

System and High Surface Area Electrodes for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide
patent-application, May 2013

Reducing carbon dioxide to products
patent, September 2014

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device
patent-application, March 2020

Method for producing gas diffusion electrode and method for producing polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and gas diffusion electrode and polymer electrolyte fuel cell
patent, February 2011

Process for Producing a Membrane Electrode Assembly Adn the Membrane Assembly Produced Thereby
patent-application, March 2003

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 with co-oxidation of an alcohol
patent, September 2014

Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels: a review on the interaction between CO ₂ and the liquid electrolyte: Electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels
journal, February 2017

Electrolysis cell and method of use
patent, May 1990

Cathode catalyst, cathode material using the same, and reactor using the same
patent, April 2021

Electrocatalytic process for carbon dioxide conversion
patent, April 2021

Multilayer Electrolyzer Stack Converts Carbon Dioxide to Gas Products at High Pressure with High Efficiency
journal, June 2019

Ion-conducting membranes
patent, February 2017

Hydrocarbon reformer for electrochemical cells
patent, February 1997

Integrated hydrogen recirculation blower for fuel cell vehicle
patent-application, June 2009

Direct alcohol fuel cell with cathode catalyst layer containing silver and method for producing the same
patent, February 2014

Devices and processes for carbon dioxide conversion into useful fuels and chemicals
patent, November 2015

Impact of Pulsed Electrochemical Reduction of CO ₂ on the Formation of C ₂₊ Products over Cu
journal, September 2020

Electrocatalytic Process for Carbon Dioxide Conversion
patent-application, September 2017

Controlling the synthesis gas composition of a steam methane reformer
patent, September 2012

Method and System for Production of Oxalic Acid and Oxalic Acid Reduction Products
patent-application, July 2014

Co-Electrolysis Cell Design for Efficient CO2 Reduction from Gas Phase at Low Temperature
patent-application, October 2020

Sustainion Imidazolium-Functionalized Polymers for Carbon Dioxide Electrolysis
journal, March 2017

Method and System for Production of Oxalic Acid and Oxalic Acid Reduction Products
patent-application, July 2014

Theoretical model with experimental validation of a regenerative blower for hydrogen recirculation in a PEM fuel cell system
journal, March 2010

Electrochemical devices comprising novel catalyst mixtures
patent, October 2016

Modulated Ionomer Distribution in the Catalyst Layer of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells for High Temperature Operation
journal, April 2014

Ion conducting polymer membranes
patent, October 2009

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device and Method of Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide
patent-application, January 2020

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic System
patent-application, January 2020

Effect of solid polymer electrolyte on electrochemical reduction of CO₂
journal, June 2012

Design of an Electrochemical Cell Making Syngas (CO + H₂) from CO₂ and H₂O Reduction at Room Temperature
journal, January 2008

The effect of electrolyte composition on the electroreduction of CO ₂ to CO on Ag based gas diffusion electrodes
journal, January 2016

Ion Conducting Membranes With Low Carbon Dioxide Crossover
patent-application, December 2020

Electrochemical device for converting carbon dioxide to a reaction product
patent, November 2016

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device and Method of Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide
patent-application, January 2020

Electrolysis of CO ₂ to Syngas in Bipolar Membrane-Based Electrochemical Cells
journal, November 2016

Efficient and selective conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol, dimethyl ether and derived products
patent, October 2009

Methods and Systems for Microbial Fuel Cells with Improved Cathodes
patent-application, January 2015

Ionic Polymer Membrane for a Carbon Dioxide Electrolyzer
patent-application, June 2017

Devices for Electrocatalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide
patent-application, April 2018

A membrane electrode assembly for the electrochemical synthesis of hydrocarbons from CO2(g) and H2O(g)
journal, January 2015

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device and Method of Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide
patent-application, March 2020

Electrolytic Conversion of Bicarbonate into CO in a Flow Cell
journal, June 2019

Methanol/air fuel cells
patent, May 1989

Ion-exchange structures of copolymer blends useful in electrolytic cells
patent, November 1979

Electrocatalytic process for carbon dioxide conversion
patent, January 2017

The effects of currents and potentials on the selectivities of copper toward carbon dioxide electroreduction
journal, March 2018

A selective and efficient electrocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction
journal, January 2014

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journal, November 2014

Electrolyzer and Method of Use
patent-application, July 2020

Hydrogenation of formic acid to formaldehyde
patent, November 2015

Process for preparing improved cation-exchange membranes
patent, August 1977

Hydrogen Recirculation Apparatus for Fuel Cell Vehicle and Method Thereof
patent-application, December 2008

Continuous production of pure liquid fuel solutions via electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using solid-electrolyte devices
journal, September 2019

Electrolysis of Gaseous CO ₂ to CO in a Flow Cell with a Bipolar Membrane
journal, November 2017

System and Method for Attaching a Mask to a Mask Holder
patent-application, June 2016

Reactor with Advanced Architecture for the Electrochemical Reaction of CO2, CO and Other Chemical Compounds
patent-application, November 2017

Reactor with Advanced Architecture for the Electrochemical Reactino of CO2, CO, and Other Chemical Compounds
patent-application, November 2017

Carbon dioxide electrolytic device and method of electrolyzing carbon dioxide
patent, March 2021

Ceramic/Polymer Matrix for Electrode Protection in Electrochemical Cells, Including Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
patent-application, January 2015

Method and Device for the Electrochemical Utilization of Carbon Dioxide
patent-application, February 2019

Solid gel membrane separator in rechargeable electrochemical cells
patent, March 2002

Devices And Processes For Carbon Dioxide Conversion Into Useful Fuels And Chemicals
patent-application, April 2014

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device and Method of Electrolyzing Carbon Dioxide
patent-application, March 2021

Electrochemical production of synthesis gas from carbon dioxide
patent, May 2014

Methods and devices for the production of hydrocarbons from carbon and hydrogen sources
patent, October 2012

Electrolytic CO ₂ Reduction in a Flow Cell
journal, March 2018

Catalyst mixtures
patent, February 2017

Membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cell, method for manufacturing the same, and fuel cell system including the same
patent, March 2012

Leakage effects on the performance characteristics of a regenerative blower for the hydrogen recirculation of a PEM fuel cell
journal, March 2012

Fluorinated Membranes
patent-application, October 2005

Carbon Dioxide Electrolytic Device
patent-application, September 2021

Monodisperse Au Nanoparticles for Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO ₂ to CO
journal, October 2013

System and Method for Carbon Dioxide Reactor Control
patent-application, July 2019

Catheter assembly with seal member
patent, February 2014

Electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide conversion
patent, April 2015

Textured ion exchange membranes
patent-application, January 2006

Method and apparatus for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide
patent, September 2015

Selective Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Ethylene and Ethanol on Copper(I) Oxide Catalysts
journal, March 2015