DOE Patents title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Axially-integrated epitaxially-grown tandem wire arrays

Abstract

A photoelectrode, methods of making and using, including systems for water-splitting are provided. The photoelectrode can be a semiconducting material having a photocatalyst such as nickel or nickel-molybdenum coated on the material. The photoelectrode includes an elongated axially integrated wire having at least two different wire compositions.

Inventors:
;
Issue Date:
Research Org.:
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1489155
Patent Number(s):
10090425
Application Number:
13/771,617
Assignee:
California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, CA)
Patent Classifications (CPCs):
C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS
H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01L - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
DOE Contract Number:  
SC0004993
Resource Type:
Patent
Resource Relation:
Patent File Date: 2013 Feb 20
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

Citation Formats

Lewis, Nathan S., and Hu, Shu. Axially-integrated epitaxially-grown tandem wire arrays. United States: N. p., 2018. Web.
Lewis, Nathan S., & Hu, Shu. Axially-integrated epitaxially-grown tandem wire arrays. United States.
Lewis, Nathan S., and Hu, Shu. Tue . "Axially-integrated epitaxially-grown tandem wire arrays". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1489155.
@article{osti_1489155,
title = {Axially-integrated epitaxially-grown tandem wire arrays},
author = {Lewis, Nathan S. and Hu, Shu},
abstractNote = {A photoelectrode, methods of making and using, including systems for water-splitting are provided. The photoelectrode can be a semiconducting material having a photocatalyst such as nickel or nickel-molybdenum coated on the material. The photoelectrode includes an elongated axially integrated wire having at least two different wire compositions.},
doi = {},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {10}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Semiconductor Nanowires: From Self-Organization to Patterned Growth
journal, April 2006


Epitaxial core–shell and core–multishell nanowire heterostructures
journal, November 2002


Photovoltaic Effect of Gold in Silicon
journal, November 1969


Large area polycrystalline silicon solar cells on unidirectionally solidified acid-treated metallurgical grade silicon
conference, January 1989


High Density Germanium Nanowire Assemblies:  Contact Challenges and Electrical Characterization
journal, January 2006


High‐efficiency electrodeposited cadmium telluride solar cells
journal, February 1982


Si nanowires synthesized with Cu catalyst
journal, January 2007


Comparison of the device physics principles of planar and radial p-n junction nanorod solar cells
journal, June 2005


Interconnects for solar cell devices
patent-application, July 2007


Well-aligned CdS nanorod/conjugated polymer solar cells
journal, April 2005


Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Using Si Microwire Arrays
journal, January 2011

  • Boettcher, Shannon W.; Warren, Emily L.; Putnam, Morgan C.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 5, p. 1216-1219
  • https://doi.org/10.1021/ja108801m

From light scattering to the microstructure of thin-film multilayers
journal, October 1993


Controlled Growth of Si Nanowire Arrays for Device Integration
journal, March 2005


Silicon nanowire solar cells
journal, December 2007


Nanowire Photodiodes
patent-application, April 2011


Nanowire dye-sensitized solar cells
journal, May 2005


Electrodeposition of CdTe Thin Films
journal, January 1984


Nanowire light emitting device and method of fabricating the same
patent-application, October 2005


"Ideal" behavior of the open circuit voltage of semiconductor/liquid junctions
journal, May 1989


Controlled partial embedding of carbon nanotubes within flexible transparent layers
journal, December 2007


A study on deep etching of silicon using ethylene-diamine-pyrocatechol-water
journal, July 1986


Semiconductor Nanowire Array: Potential Substrates for Photocatalysis and Photovoltaics
journal, January 2002


Organizing apparatus for string-like objects
patent-application, February 2009


Aligned Single-Crystalline Si Nanowire Arrays for Photovoltaic Applications
journal, September 2005


Silicon Nanowire Array Photoelectrochemical Cells
journal, September 2007

  • Goodey, Adrian P.; Eichfeld, Sarah M.; Lew, Kok-Keong
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 129, Issue 41, p. 12344-12345
  • https://doi.org/10.1021/ja073125d

Kinetic studies of carrier transport and recombination at the n-silicon methanol interface
journal, August 1986


630‐mV open circuit voltage, 12% efficient n ‐Si liquid junction
journal, August 1984


Hybrid photovoltaic device
patent-application, July 2009


Unusually Low Surface-Recombination Velocity on Silicon and Germanium Surfaces
journal, July 1986


Preparation and characterization of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells
journal, January 1997


Computer-Assisted Web Services Access Application Program Generation
patent-application, June 2008


Flexible energy storage devices based on nanocomposite paper
journal, August 2007


Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry of Vapor−Liquid−Solid Grown, Au-Catalyzed, Si Wires
journal, September 2008


Nonlithographic nano-wire arrays: fabrication, physics, and device applications
journal, January 1996


Dual Junction InGaP/GaAs Solar Cell
patent-application, April 2010


Electrochemical Fabrication of CdS Nanowire Arrays in Porous Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates
journal, January 1996


Radial pn junction nanorod solar cells: device physics principles and routes to fabrication in silicon
conference, January 2005


Photovoltaic Measurements in Single-Nanowire Silicon Solar Cells
journal, February 2008


Control of the Size and Position of Silicon Nanowires Grown via the Vapor-Liquid-Solid Technique
journal, October 1997


Photovoltaic solar cell
patent, August 2007


Well-ordered ZnO nanowire arrays on GaN substrate fabricated via nanosphere lithography
journal, January 2006


Nanochannel apparatus and method of fabricating
patent-application, May 2007


Nanostructures and methods for manufacturing the same
patent-application, May 2008


Nanowires in thin-film silicon solar cells
patent-application, February 2008


Fabrication of Silicon Nanowire Arrays with Controlled Diameter, Length, and Density
journal, March 2007


SEMICONDUCTOR NANOWIRES AND NANOTUBES
journal, August 2004


Effects of Interfacial Energetics on the Effective Surface Recombination Velocity of Si/Liquid Contacts
journal, March 2002


Design of Light Scattering in Nanowire Materials for Photovoltaic Applications
journal, September 2008


High efficiency inorganic nanorod-enhanced photovoltaic devices
patent-application, September 2006


Synthesis of Molybdenum Nanowires with Millimeter-Scale Lengths Using Electrochemical Step Edge Decoration
journal, June 2002


Graded composition metal oxide tunnel barrier interpoly insulators
patent-application, March 2003


Light Trapping in Silicon Nanowire Solar Cells
journal, January 2010


Embedded Carbon-Nanotube-Stiffened Polymer Surfaces
journal, January 2005


Method of making silicon quantum wires on a substrate
patent, November 1999


Vapor-liquid-solid mechanism of single crystal growth
journal, March 1964


A review of some charge transport properties of silicon
journal, February 1977


One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications
journal, March 2003


The limiting efficiency of silicon solar cells under concentrated sunlight
journal, February 1986


Nanoimprint Lithography: Methods and Material Requirements
journal, February 2007


Characterization of haze‐forming precipitates in silicon
journal, May 1988


Device Components with Surface-Embedded Additives and Related Manufacturing Methods
patent-application, May 2012


Strong broadband optical absorption in silicon nanowire films
journal, July 2007


Fabrication and properties of ultrasmall Si wire arrays with circuits by vapor–liquid–solid growth
journal, April 2002


Photovoltaic Wire
patent-application, October 2009


Stretchable and Foldable Silicon Integrated Circuits
journal, April 2008


Optical Absorption Enhancement in Amorphous Silicon Nanowire and Nanocone Arrays
journal, December 2008


Controlled growth of highly uniform, axial/radial direction-defined, individually addressable InP nanowire arrays
journal, October 2005


Thermal interface material with carbon nanotubes
patent, August 2007


Techniques for Use of Nanotechnology in Photovoltaics
patent-application, May 2010


Nanoparticle Plasmon Scattering Layer for Photovoltaic Cells
patent-application, February 2012


Impurity photovoltaic effect: Fundamental energy conversion efficiency limits
journal, August 2002


Diode and Photovoltaic Device Using Carbon Nanostructure
patent-application, August 2010


Methods of fabricating nanostructures and nanowires and devices fabricated therefrom
patent-application, November 2002


Nanostructured Solar Cells
patent-application, November 2008


Photovoltaic Device Using Nanostructured Material
patent-application, February 2009


Spectroscopic ellipsometry investigation of optical and interface properties of CdTe films deposited on metal foils
journal, May 2004


Long Germanium Nanowires Prepared by Electrochemical Etching
journal, June 2006


Defects in Silicon Crystals Grown by the VLS Technique
journal, March 1967


Photovoltaic And Photosensing Devices Based On Arrays Of Aligned Nanostructures
patent-application, January 2008


High‐efficiency electroplated heterojunction solar cell
journal, January 1984


Continuous process for the preparation of polytrimethylene ether glycol
patent, April 2004


Nanowire vias
patent-application, December 2008


Amorphous-crystalline tandem nanostructured solar cells
patent-application, May 2008


Quantitative Measurement of the Electron and Hole Mobility−Lifetime Products in Semiconductor Nanowires
journal, April 2006


Silicon nanowire-based solar cells
journal, June 2008


Microwave assisted patterning of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes onto polymer substrates
journal, January 2006

  • Sunden, Erik; Moon, Jack K.; Wong, C. P.
  • Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, Vol. 24, Issue 4, p. 1947-1950
  • https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2221320

Nanoscale coherent optical components
patent-application, October 2004


Biomimetic Assembly of Zinc Oxide Nanorods onto Flexible Polymers
journal, October 2007


Minority carrier lifetime and radiation damage coefficients of germanium
conference, January 2005


Photovoltaic devices fabricated from nanostructured template
patent-application, May 2005


Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cells
journal, March 2002


Photoconverters based on silicon-crystal whiskers
journal, April 1978


Diameter-Dependent Growth Direction of Epitaxial Silicon Nanowires
journal, April 2005


Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells
book, April 2003


Aligned Carbon Nanotube−Polymer Hybrid Architectures for Diverse Flexible Electronic Applications
journal, February 2006


Fabrication of densely packed, well-ordered, high-aspect-ratio silicon nanopillars over large areas using block copolymer lithography
journal, August 2006


Recent improvements and arising challenges in dye-sensitized solar cells
journal, May 2007


Transparent Solar Cell Module
patent-application, July 2009


10 μm minority-carrier diffusion lengths in Si wires synthesized by Cu-catalyzed vapor-liquid-solid growth
journal, October 2009


Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources
journal, October 2007


High speed edge illumination photodetector
patent, November 1982


Photovoltaic Properties of Nano-particulate and Nanorod Array ZnO Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
journal, February 2006


Method and apparatus for growing oriented whisker arrays
patent, October 2001


Impurities in silicon solar cells
journal, April 1980


Experimental Observation of an Extremely Dark Material Made By a Low-Density Nanotube Array
journal, January 2008


Nanostructure-reinforced composite articles and methods
patent-application, March 2008


Nanowire horizontal growth and substrate removal
patent, July 2009


Systems and Methods for Nanowire Growth
patent-application, May 2009


Impurity effects in silicon for high efficiency solar cells
journal, May 1986


Flexible Polymer-Embedded Si Wire Arrays
journal, January 2009


Structures of and Methods for Forming Vertically Aligned Si Wire Arrays
patent-application, January 2009


Single and Tandem Axial p-i-n Nanowire Photovoltaic Devices
journal, September 2008


Repeated epitaxial growth and transfer of arrays of patterned, vertically aligned, crystalline Si wires from a single Si(111) substrate
journal, July 2008


Nanostructured imaging transfer element
patent, October 1994


Enhanced absorption and carrier collection in Si wire arrays for photovoltaic applications
journal, February 2010


Macroporous Silicon as a Model for Silicon Wire Array Solar Cells
journal, April 2008


Patterning PDMS using a combination of wet and dry etching
journal, March 2009


Electrochemical fabrication of cadmium chalcogenide microdiode arrays
journal, July 1993


Nanosized,dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell
patent-application, March 2008


Structures of Ordered Arrays of Semiconductors
patent-application, January 2009


Studies of minority carrier transport in ZnO
journal, July 2007


Statistical ray optics
journal, July 1982


Growth of vertically aligned Si wire arrays over large areas (>1cm2) with Au and Cu catalysts
journal, September 2007


Thermal interface material and method for manufacturing same
patent-application, August 2005


Rare Earth Elements—Critical Resources for High Technology
report, November 2002


Titania-nanotube-array-based photovoltaic cells
journal, July 2006


Fabrication of Large-Area Silicon Nanowire p–n Junction Diode Arrays
journal, January 2004


Thermal interface material and method for manufacturing same
patent-application, June 2006


Techniques for use of nanotechnology in photovoltaics
patent, August 2011


Semiconducting Cadmium Telluride
journal, December 1954


Thin film CdTe solar cells-a review
conference, January 1990


Characteristics of vapor–liquid–solid grown silicon nanowire solar cells
journal, August 2009


Semiconductors for Photoelectrolysis
journal, August 1978


Gallium arsenide p-i-n radial structures for photovoltaic applications
journal, April 2009


Solvent Compatibility of Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Microfluidic Devices
journal, October 2003


Fabrication of individually seeded nanowire arrays by vapour–liquid–solid growth
journal, October 2003


Potential applications of hierarchical branching nanowires in solar energy conversion
journal, July 2009


Coaxial Group III−Nitride Nanowire Photovoltaics
journal, April 2009


Systems and methods for nanowire growth and manufacturing
patent-application, December 2005


A Laser Ablation Method for the Synthesis of Crystalline Semiconductor Nanowires
journal, January 1998


High Efficiency Photovoltaic Cell For Solar Energy Harvesting
patent-application, December 2010


Light-induced generation of hydrogen at CdS-monograin membranes
journal, March 1983


Silicon Nanowires:  Preparation, Device Fabrication, and Transport Properties
journal, December 2000


Impurity photovoltaic effect in silicon
journal, April 1970


Silicon Nanowire-Based Solar Cells on Glass: Synthesis, Optical Properties, and Cell Parameters
journal, March 2009


Method of synthesizing silicon wires
patent-application, July 2007


Properties of gold in silicon
journal, February 1966


n-Type silicon photoelectrochemistry in methanol: Design of a 10.1% efficient semiconductor/liquid junction solar cell
journal, February 1983


Encapsulated Photovoltaic Device Used With A Reflector And A Method of Use for the Same
patent-application, March 2009


Dispersion, Wave Propagation and Efficiency Analysis of Nanowire Solar Cells
journal, June 2009


Microstructured silicon photodetector
journal, July 2006


Silicon structure, method for producing the same, and solar battery using the silicon structure
patent, February 2003


Solubility and Diffusivity of Gold, Iron, and Copper in Silicon
journal, December 1956


Ultrathin silicon solar microcells for semitransparent, mechanically flexible and microconcentrator module designs
journal, October 2008


Hydrogen gas production for electronic-grade polycrystalline silicon growth
conference, January 2002


Vertical Group III-V Nanowires On Si, Heterostructures, Flexible Arrays And Fabrication
patent-application, October 2011


Optical dispersion relations for amorphous semiconductors and amorphous dielectrics
journal, November 1986


Single-nanowire Si solar cells
conference, May 2008


Silicon Nanowire Radial p−n Junction Solar Cells
journal, June 2008


Retention arrangement for a circuit interrupter
patent, September 2009


Substrate patterning by electron emission-induced displacement
patent, October 2010


Nanowire- Based Solar Cell Structure
patent-application, July 2010


Room temperature growth of CuO nanorod arrays on copper and their application as a cathode in dye-sensitized solar cells
journal, September 2005


Determination of diffusion length in photovoltaic crystalline silicon by modelisation of light beam induced current
journal, April 2009


Detailed Balance Limit of Efficiency of p‐n Junction Solar Cells
journal, March 1961


Vertically Oriented Germanium Nanowires Grown from Gold Colloids on Silicon Substrates and Subsequent Gold Removal
journal, June 2007


Poly(dimethylsiloxane) as a Material for Fabricating Microfluidic Devices
journal, April 2002


Synthesis of stoichiometric cadmium selenide films via sequential monolayer electrodeposition
journal, November 1991


Synthesis of High Density, Size-Controlled Si Nanowire Arrays via Porous Anodic Alumina Mask
journal, January 2006


Real time process monitoring and control for semiconductor junctions
patent-application, February 2008


Energy-Conversion Properties of Vapor-Liquid-Solid-Grown Silicon Wire-Array Photocathodes
journal, January 2010


Electrical Characteristics and Chemical Stability of Non-Oxidized, Methyl-Terminated Silicon Nanowires
journal, June 2006


Silicon optoelectronic device using silicon nanowire and method for preparing the same
patent-application, November 2005


Nanofiber surface based capacitors
patent, June 2006


Semiconductor nanowires surrounded by cylindrical Al2O3 shells
journal, November 2003


Analysis of Optical Absorption in Silicon Nanowire Arrays for Photovoltaic Applications
journal, October 2007


Nanofiber surface based capacitors
patent, October 2006


Nanowire Multijunction Solar Cell
patent-application, July 2010


Large-area blown bubble films of aligned nanowires and carbon nanotubes
journal, May 2007


Hybrid solar cells with vertically aligned CdTe nanorods and a conjugated polymer
journal, March 2005


Limiting efficiency of silicon solar cells
journal, May 1984


Systems and methods for nanowire growth and harvesting
patent, September 2006


Diameter-Controlled Synthesis of Silicon Nanowires Using Nanoporous Alumina Membranes
journal, January 2005


Predicted efficiency of Si wire array solar cells
conference, June 2009


Efficient photoinduced charge transfer in TiO2 nanorod/conjugated polymer hybrid materials
journal, November 2006


Molecular Nanojet in Water
journal, March 2009


Growth of Core–Shell InP Nanowires for Photovoltaic Application by Selective-Area Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy
journal, February 2009


Three-dimensional nanopillar-array photovoltaics on low-cost and flexible substrates
journal, July 2009


Nanostructure Arrays and Methods for Forming Same
patent-application, April 2008


Multilayered Film-Nanowire Composite, Bifacial, and Tandem Solar Cells
patent-application, July 2008


Growth of single crystal nanowires
patent, February 2008


High Aspect Ratio Silicon Wire Array Photoelectrochemical Cells
journal, October 2007

  • Maiolo, James R.; Kayes, Brendan M.; Filler, Michael A.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 129, Issue 41, p. 12346-12347
  • https://doi.org/10.1021/ja074897c

Nanowire device and method of fabricating the same
patent-application, February 2007


Recombination Properties of the Gold Acceptor Level in Silicon using the Impurity Photovoltaic Effect
journal, July 1967


Molding technique for fabrication of optoelectronic devices
patent, August 2007


A 14% efficient nonaqueous semiconductor/liquid junction solar cell
journal, November 1984


Polymer-Embedded Semiconductor Rod Arrays
patent-application, March 2009


New Facets of CdTe Electrodeposition in Acidic Solutions with Higher Tellurium Concentrations
journal, January 2004