Rugged passively cooled high power laser fiber optic connectors and methods of use
Abstract
There are provided high power laser connectors and couplers and methods that are capable of providing high laser power without the need for active cooling to remote, harsh and difficult to access locations and under difficult and harsh conditions and to manage and mitigate the adverse effects of back reflections.
- Inventors:
- Issue Date:
- Research Org.:
- Foro Energy, Inc., Denver, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1255965
- Patent Number(s):
- 9360643
- Application Number:
- 13/486,795
- Assignee:
- Foro Energy, Inc. (Denver, CO)
- Patent Classifications (CPCs):
-
G - PHYSICS G02 - OPTICS G02B - OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS
H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01S - DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT
- DOE Contract Number:
- AR0000044
- Resource Type:
- Patent
- Resource Relation:
- Patent File Date: 2012 Jun 01
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
Citation Formats
Rinzler, Charles C., Gray, William C., Fraze, Jason D., Faircloth, Brian O., Zediker, Mark S., and McKay, Ryan P. Rugged passively cooled high power laser fiber optic connectors and methods of use. United States: N. p., 2016.
Web.
Rinzler, Charles C., Gray, William C., Fraze, Jason D., Faircloth, Brian O., Zediker, Mark S., & McKay, Ryan P. Rugged passively cooled high power laser fiber optic connectors and methods of use. United States.
Rinzler, Charles C., Gray, William C., Fraze, Jason D., Faircloth, Brian O., Zediker, Mark S., and McKay, Ryan P. Tue .
"Rugged passively cooled high power laser fiber optic connectors and methods of use". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1255965.
@article{osti_1255965,
title = {Rugged passively cooled high power laser fiber optic connectors and methods of use},
author = {Rinzler, Charles C. and Gray, William C. and Fraze, Jason D. and Faircloth, Brian O. and Zediker, Mark S. and McKay, Ryan P.},
abstractNote = {There are provided high power laser connectors and couplers and methods that are capable of providing high laser power without the need for active cooling to remote, harsh and difficult to access locations and under difficult and harsh conditions and to manage and mitigate the adverse effects of back reflections.},
doi = {},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {2016},
month = {6}
}
Works referenced in this record:
The effect of interaction time and saturation of rock on specific energy in ND:YAG laser perforating
journal, February 2011
- Ahmadi, M.; Erfan, M. R.; Torkamany, M. J.
- Optics & Laser Technology, Vol. 43, Issue 1, p. 226-231
Simulation of dynamic response of granite: A numerical approach of shock-induced damage beneath impact craters
journal, December 2006
- Ai, H. A.; Ahrens, T. J.
- International Journal of Impact Engineering, Vol. 33, Issue 1-12, p. 1-10
Collapse and rebound of a laser-induced cavitation bubble
journal, October 2001
- Akhatov, I.; Lindau, O.; Topolnikov, A.
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 13, Issue 10, p. 2805-2819
The porosity and engineering properties of vesicular basalt in Saudi Arabia
journal, October 1999
- Al-Harthi, A. A.; Al-Amri, R. M.; Shehata, W. M.
- Engineering Geology, Vol. 54, Issue 3-4, p. 313-320
Prevention of Nozzle Wear in Abrasive Water Suspension Jets (AWSJ) Using Porous Lubricated Nozzles
journal, January 2003
- Anand, Umang; Katz, Joseph
- Journal of Tribology, Vol. 125, Issue 1, p. 168-180
The Äspö Pillar Stability Experiment: Part II—Rock mass response to coupled excavation-induced and thermal-induced stresses
journal, July 2009
- Andersson, J. Christer; Martin, C. Derek; Stille, Håkan
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 46, Issue 5, p. 879-895
A new approach to quantification of metamorphism using ultra-small and small angle neutron scattering
journal, December 2009
- Anovitz, Lawrence M.; Lynn, Gary W.; Cole, David R.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 73, Issue 24, p. 7303-7324
Dynamic Vickers indentation of brittle materials
journal, April 2000
- Anton, Richard J.; Subhash, Ghatu
- Wear, Vol. 239, Issue 1, p. 27-35
The failure of brittle solids containing small cracks under compressive stress states
journal, March 1986
- Ashby, M. F.; Hallam (Née Cooksley), S. D.
- Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 34, Issue 3, p. 497-510
A multiaxial stress criterion for short- and long-term strength of isotropic rock media
journal, December 2000
- Aubertin, M.; Li, L.; Simon, R.
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 37, Issue 8, p. 1169-1193
The Schmidt hammer in rock material characterization
journal, September 2005
- Aydin, A.; Basu, A.
- Engineering Geology, Vol. 81, Issue 1, p. 1-14
Simulation of the coupled thermal optical effects for liquid immersion micro-/nano-lithography
conference, May 2004
- Baek, So-Yeon; Wei, Alexander C.; Cole, Daniel C.
- Microlithography 2004, SPIE Proceedings
On the relationship between the parameters of Paris' law for fatigue crack growth in aluminium alloys
journal, December 1977
- Baflon, Jean-Paul; Masounave, Jacques; Bathias, Claude
- Scripta Metallurgica, Vol. 11, Issue 12, p. 1101-1106
Air-entrainment characteristics in a plunging water jet system using rectangular nozzles with rounded ends
January 2003
- Bagatur, Tamer; Sekerdag, Nusret
- Water SA, Vol. 29, Issue 1, p. 35-38
Well Perforation Using High-Power Lasers
conference, October 2003
- Batarseh, S.; Gahan, B. C.; Graves, R. M.
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
Prediction of compressive and tensile strength of limestone via genetic programming
journal, July 2008
- Baykasoğlu, Adil; Güllü, Hamza; Çanakçı, Hanifi
- Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 35, Issue 1-2, p. 111-123
Spall damage modelling and dynamic fracture specificities of ceramics
journal, July 1992
- Belyaev, V. V.
- Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 1-2, p. 135-144
The combined influence of mineralogical, hygric and thermal properties on the durability of porous building stones
journal, August 2008
- Benavente, David; Cultrone, Giuseppe; Gómez-Heras, Miguel
- European Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 20, Issue 4, p. 673-685
Micro-scratch evaluation of rock types—a means to comprehend rock drill wear
journal, February 2004
- Beste, U.; Lundvall, A.; Jacobson, S.
- Tribology International, Vol. 37, Issue 2, p. 203-210
Mechanism of brittle fracture of rock: Part I—theory of the fracture process
journal, October 1967
- Bieniawski, Z. T.
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 4, Issue 4, p. 395-406
Temperature Profile in Semi-infinite Body With Exponential Source and Convective Boundary Condition
journal, January 1990
- Blackwell, B. F.
- Journal of Heat Transfer, Vol. 112, Issue 3, p. 567-571
Analysis of compressive fracture in rock using statistical techniques: Part I. A non-linear rule-based model
journal, October 1998
- Blair, S. C.; Cook, N. G. W.
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 35, Issue 7, p. 837-848
Bend loss in large core multimode optical fiber beam delivery systems
journal, January 1991
- Boechat, Alvaro A. P.; Su, Daoning; Hall, D. R.
- Applied Optics, Vol. 30, Issue 3, p. 321-327
Development, testing and track record of fiber-optic, wet-mate, connectors
conference, January 2003
- Brown, G.
- 2003 International Conference Physics and Control
Dynamics of laser-induced cavitation bubbles near an elastic boundary
journal, April 2001
- Brujan, Emil-Alexandru; Nahen, Kester; Schmidt, Peter
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 433, p. 251-281
Rock Failure Under Dynamic Loading Conditions
journal, March 1963
- Burdine, N. T.
- Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 1, p. 1-8
Rock Failure Under Dynamic Loading Conditions
journal, March 1963
- Burdine, N. T.
- Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 1, p. 1-8
Drilling a Hole in Granite Submerged in Water By Use of CO<sub>2</sub> Laser
journal, February 2010
- Bybee, Karen
- Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 62, Issue 02
Strength of glass from Hertzian line contact
conference, September 2011
- Cai, Wenrui; Cuerden, Brian; Parks, Robert E.
- SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, SPIE Proceedings
Rock Cutting By Laser
conference, April 2013
- Carstens, Jeffrey P.; Brown, Clyde O.
- Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME
Rock Properties of Berea Sandstone, Baker Dolomite, and Indiana Limestone
conference, January 1991
- Churcher, P. L.; French, P. R.; Shaw, J. C.
- SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry
Improved Optimisation of Bit Selection Using Mathematically Modelled Bit Performance Indices
conference, January 2006
- Clegg, John Martin; Barton, Steven Paul
- IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition
Successful Drilling of Basalt in a West of Shetland Deepwater Discovery
conference, September 2005
- Seale, Rocky Allen; Close, Frank; Greig, Angus
- Offshore Europe
Use of nondestructive testing methods in evaluation of thermal damage for ceramics under conditions of nonstationary thermal effects
journal, January 1985
- Gogotsi, G. A.; Negovskii, A. N.
- Strength of Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 1, p. 52-56
High-Power Slim-Hole Drilling System
conference, January 1995
- Cohen, John H.; Maurer, William C.; Leitko, Curtis E.
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
The static fatigue of brittle rock under uniaxial compression
journal, February 1974
- Cruden, D. M.
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 11, Issue 2, p. 67-73
Development of a new direct test method for estimating cutter life, based on the Sievers’ J miniature drill test
journal, January 2007
- Dahl, Filip; Grøv, Eivind; Breivik, Torkjell
- Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, Vol. 22, Issue 1, p. 106-116
Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
journal, January 1969
- Goldblatt, Norman
- Applied Optics, Vol. 8, Issue 8
Acousto-ultrasonic study of thermal shock damage in castable refractory
journal, February 1991
- Das, A. C.; Niyogi, S. K.; Mukherjee, S.
- Journal of Materials Science Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 3, p. 173-175
Linear thermal expansion of granitic rocks: influence of apparent porosity, grain size and quartz content
journal, May 2004
- Janio de Castro Lima, José; Paraguassú, Antenor Braga
- Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Vol. 63, Issue 3, p. 215-220
Simulation of bulk-absorption thermal lensing in transmissive optics of gravitational waves detectors
journal, October 2003
- Degallaix, J.; Zhao, C.; Ju, L.
- Applied Physics B, Vol. 77, Issue 4, p. 409-414
Some mechanisms of microcrack growth and interaction in compressive rock failure
journal, June 1981
- Dey, T. N.; Wang, Chi-Yuen
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 18, Issue 3, p. 199-209
Flow structure and optical beam propagation in high-Reynolds-number gas-phase shear layers and jets
journal, April 2001
- Dimotakis, P. E.; Catrakis, H. J.; Fourguette, D. C.
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 433, p. 105-134
Correlation between Schmidt hardness, uniaxial compressive strength and Young’s modulus for andesites, basalts and tuffs
journal, April 2004
- Dinçer, Ismail; Acar, Altay; Çobanoğlu, Ibrahim
- Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Vol. 63, Issue 2, p. 141-148
PDC Bit Selection Method Through the Analysis of Past Bit Performances
conference, October 1990
- Dumans, Carlos Fernando Fontenelle; Maidla, Eric Edgar
- SPE Latin America Petroleum Engineering Conference
Porosity-permeability relationships in interlayered limestone-dolostone reservoirs
journal, January 2006
- Ehrenberg, S. N.; Eberli, G. P.; Keramati, M.
- AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 90, Issue 1, p. 91-114
Stimulated Brillouin scattering in multimode fibers for optical phase conjugation
journal, July 2002
- Eichler, H. J.; Mocofanescu, A.; Riesbeck, Th.
- Optics Communications, Vol. 208, Issue 4-6, p. 427-431
Wear characteristics of PDC pin and hybrid core bits in rock drilling
journal, September 1995
- Ersoy, A.; Waller, M. D.
- Wear, Vol. 188, Issue 1-2, p. 150-165
PDC Bit Selection Through Cost Prediction Estimates Using Crossplots and Sonic Log Data
conference, January 1993
- Falcao, J. L.; Maidla, E. E.; Dumans, C. F.
- SPE/IADC Drilling Conference
Separating Bit and Lithology Effects from Drilling Mechanics Data
conference, January 1988
- Falconer, I. G.; Burgess, T. M.; Sheppard, M. C.
- SPE/IADC Drilling Conference
Peak-power limits on fiber amplifiers imposed by self-focusing
journal, January 2006
- Farrow, Roger L.; Kliner, Dahv A. V.; Hadley, G. Ronald
- Optics Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 23, p. 3423-3425
Vickers and Knoop hardness of electron beam deposited ZrC and HfC thin films on titanium
journal, April 2006
- Ferro, D.; Barinov, S. M.; Rau, J. V.
- Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol. 200, Issue 16-17, p. 4701-4707
Spectral Gamma-Ray Logging in the Texas Austin Chalk Trend
journal, March 1980
- Fertl, W. H.; Stapp, W. L.; Vaello, D. B.
- Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 32, Issue 03
A simple crack-extension criterion for time-dependent spallation
journal, April 1971
- Field, F. A.
- Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, Vol. 19, Issue 2, p. 61-70
Rock removal using high-power lasers for petroleum exploitation purposes
conference, September 2002
- Figueroa, Humberto G.; LaGreca, A.; Gahan, Brian C.
- International Symposium on High-Power Laser Ablation 2002
Analysis of Efficient High-Power Fiber Lasers for Well Perforation
conference, January 2004
- Gahan, Brian C.; Batarseh, Samih; Sharma, Bhargav
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
Effect of Downhole Pressure Conditions on High-Power Laser Perforation
conference, October 2005
- Gahan, Brian C.; Batarseh, Samih Issa; Watson, Roger Charles
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
PDC Bits: All Comes From the Cutter/Rock Interaction
conference, February 2006
- Gerbaud, Laurent; Menand, Stephane; Sellami, Hedi
- IADC/SPE Drilling Conference
Crack Arrest and Multiple Cracking in Glass Through the Use of Designed Residual Stress Profiles
journal, February 1999
- Green, D. J.; Tandon, R.; Sglavo, V. M.
- Science, Vol. 283, Issue 5406, p. 1295-1297
Fluorescent dye penetrants applied to rock fractures
journal, March 1968
- Gardner, R. D.; Pincus, H. J.
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 5, Issue 2, p. 155-156
Dominant rock properties affecting the penetration rate of percussive drills
journal, July 2003
- Kahraman, S.; Bilgin, N.; Feridunoglu, C.
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 40, Issue 5, p. 711-723
Knowledge Selection for Laser Drilling in the Oil and Gas Industry
conference, January 2005
- Ketata, C.; Satish, M. G.; Islam, M. R.
- International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce (CIMCA-IAWTIC'06)
Flow Visualization and Characteristics of a Coaxial Jet with a Tabbed Annular Nozzle
journal, January 2006
- Kiwata, Takahiro; Ishii, Takashi; Kimura, Shigeo
- JSME International Journal Series B, Vol. 49, Issue 4, p. 906-913
Leaky Modes in Weakly Guiding Fiber Acoustic Waveguides
journal, November 1986
- Chen Kuei Jen, ; Safaai-Jazi, A.; Farnell, G. W.
- IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, Vol. 33, Issue 6
A model for non-linear rock deformation under compression due to sub-critical crack growth
journal, November 1991
- Kemeny, J. M.
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 28, Issue 6, p. 459-467
Analysis of Efficient High-Power Fiber Lasers for Well Perforation
conference, January 2004
- Gahan, Brian C.; Batarseh, Samih; Sharma, Bhargav
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
Laser heating of sheet metal and thermal stress development
journal, November 2004
- Khan, Ovais U.; Yilbas, B. S.
- Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 155-156, p. 2045-2050
Prediction of thermal conductivity of rocks by soft computing
journal, May 2010
- Khandelwal, Manoj
- International Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 100, Issue 6
A dynamic damage growth model for uniaxial compressive response of rock aggregates
journal, May 2002
- Huang, Chengyi; Subhash, Ghatu; Vitton, Stanley J.
- Mechanics of Materials, Vol. 34, Issue 5, p. 267-277
Reservoir Characterization of the Frontier Tight Gas Sand, Green River Basin, Wyoming
conference, January 1991
- Harrison, C. W.; Dutton, S. P.
- Low Permeability Reservoirs Symposium
A Drilling Rate Model for Roller Cone Bits and Its Application
conference, January 2010
- Hareland, Geir; Wu, Andrew; Rashidi, Behrad
- International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition in China
A micromechanical damage model for concrete
journal, January 1986
- Krajcinovic, Dusan; Fanella, David
- Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 25, Issue 5-6, p. 585-596
Thermal fatigue of particle reinforced metal–matrix composite induced by laser heating and mechanical load
journal, July 2005
- Long, S. G.; Zhou, Y. C.
- Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 65, Issue 9, p. 1391-1400
PDC Drill Bit Design and Field Application Evolution
journal, March 1988
- Kerr, Callin Joe
- Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 40, Issue 3, p. 327-332
Effect of Downhole Pressure Conditions on High-Power Laser Perforation
conference, October 2005
- Gahan, Brian C.; Batarseh, Samih Issa; Watson, Roger Charles
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
Development of underwater laser cutting technique for steel and zircaloy for nuclear applications
journal, December 2010
- Jain, R. K.; Agrawal, D. K.; Vishwakarma, S. C.
- Pramana, Vol. 75, Issue 6, p. 1253-1258
Cutting Efficiency of a Single PDC Cutter on Hard Rock
journal, June 2009
- Hareland, G.; Nygaard, R.; Yan, W.
- Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, Vol. 48, Issue 6, p. 60-65
The dynamic strength and fracture properties of dresser basalt
journal, May 1974
- Lindholm, U. S.; Yeakley, L. M.; Nagy, A.
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 11, Issue 5, p. 181-191
Seventeenth Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: The effect of cohesion loss and stress path on brittle rock strength
journal, October 1997
- Martin, C. D.
- Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 34, Issue 5, p. 698-725
Specific Ion Binding to Macromolecules: Effects of Hydrophobicity and Ion Pairing
journal, April 2008
- Lund, Mikael; Vácha, Robert; Jungwirth, Pavel
- Langmuir, Vol. 24, Issue 7, p. 3387-3391
Characterization of Diagenetically Altered Carbonate Reservoirs, South Cowden Grayburg Reservoir, West Texas
conference, October 1996
- Lucia, F. J.; Ruppel, S. C.
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
Characterization of Diagenetically Altered Carbonate Reservoirs, South Cowden Grayburg Reservoir, West Texas
conference, October 1996
- Lucia, F. J.; Ruppel, S. C.
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
Study on rock-drilling using PDC bits for the prediction of torque and rate of penetration
journal, January 2009
- Jadoun, R. S.
- International Journal of Manufacturing Technology and Management, Vol. 17, Issue 4, Article No. 408
Waterjet-assisted rock cutting systems — the present state of the art
journal, July 1985
- Hood, Michael
- International Journal of Mining Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 2, p. 91-111
The influence of steam pressure on thermal spalling of sedimentary rock: Theory and experiments
journal, January 1998
- Hettema, M. H. H.; Wolf, K-H. A. A.; De Pater, C. J.
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, Vol. 35, Issue 1, p. 3-15
Rock excavation with laser assistance
journal, July 1976
- Jurewicz, B. R.
- International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts, Vol. 13, Issue 7, p. 207-219
Numerical simulation with experimental verification of the fracture behavior in granite under confining pressures based on the tension-softening model
journal, February 1993
- Hashida, T.; Oghikubo, H.; Takahashi, H.
- International Journal of Fracture, Vol. 59, Issue 3
Semianalytical Productivity Models for Perforated Completions
journal, February 1991
- Karakas, Metin; Tariq, S. M.
- SPE Production Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 1, p. 73-82
Drilling a 2-inch in Diameter Hole in Granites Submerged in Water by CO2 Lasers
conference, January 2009
- Kobayashi, Toshio; Kubo, Satoshi; Ichikawa, Makoto
- SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition
Design concept for optical fibers with enhanced SBS threshold
journal, January 2005
- Kobyakov, Andrey; Kumar, Shiva; Chowdhury, Dipak Q.
- Optics Express, Vol. 13, Issue 14, p. 5338-5346
Curvature loss formula for optical fibers
journal, January 1976
- Marcuse, Dietrich
- Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol. 66, Issue 3, p. 216-220
Travis Peak Core Permeability and Porosity Relationships at Reservoir Stress
journal, September 1991
- Luffel, D. L.; Howard, W. E.; Hunt, E. R.
- SPE Formation Evaluation, Vol. 6, Issue 3, p. 310-318
Stress resistance parameters of brittle solids under laser/plasma pulse heating
journal, September 2000
- Gurarie, V. N.
- Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol. 288, Issue 2, p. 168-172
StarWars Laser Technology Applied to Drilling and Completing Gas Wells
conference, January 1998
- Graves, R. M.; O'Brien, D. G.
- SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
Laboratory Measurement and Correction of Thermal Properties for Application to the Rock Mass
journal, November 2005
- Gunn, D. A.; Jones, L. D.; Raines, M. G.
- Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 23, Issue 6, p. 773-791
Laboratory Measurement and Correction of Thermal Properties for Application to the Rock Mass
journal, November 2005
- Gunn, D. A.; Jones, L. D.; Raines, M. G.
- Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, Vol. 23, Issue 6, p. 773-791
The role of thermal stress fatigue in the breakdown of rock in cold regions
journal, December 1999
- Hall, Kevin
- Geomorphology, Vol. 31, Issue 1-4, p. 47-63
Shielding properties of laser-induced breakdown in water for pulse durations from 5 ns to 125 fs
journal, January 1997
- Hammer, Daniel X.; Jansen, E. Duco; Frenz, Martin
- Applied Optics, Vol. 36, Issue 22, p. 5630-5640