Porous silicon based anode material formed using metal reduction

Anguchamy, Yogesh Kumar; Masarapu, Charan; Deng, Haixia; Han, Yongbong; Venkatachalam, Subramanian; Kumar, Sujeet; Lopez, Herman A.

Title: Porous silicon based anode material formed using metal reduction

Abstract

A porous silicon based material comprising porous crystalline elemental silicon formed by reducing silicon dioxide with a reducing metal in a heating process followed by acid etching is used to construct negative electrode used in lithium ion batteries. Gradual temperature heating ramp(s) with optional temperature steps can be used to perform the heating process. The porous silicon formed has a high surface area from about 10 m.sup.2/g to about 200 m.sup.2/g and is substantially free of carbon. The negative electrode formed can have a discharge specific capacity of at least 1800 mAh/g at rate of C/3 discharged from 1.5V to 0.005V against lithium with in some embodiments loading levels ranging from about 1.4 mg/cm.sup.2 to about 3.5 mg/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the porous silicon can be coated with a carbon coating or blended with carbon nanofibers or other conductive carbon material.

Inventors:: Anguchamy, Yogesh Kumar; Masarapu, Charan; Deng, Haixia; Han, Yongbong; Venkatachalam, Subramanian; Kumar, Sujeet; Lopez, Herman A.

Issue Date:: 2015-09-22

Research Org.:: Envia Systems, Inc., Newark, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1221392

Patent Number(s):: 9139441

Application Number:: 13/354,096

Assignee:: Envia Systems, Inc. (Newark, CA)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):: H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02E - REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

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H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
H01M2010/4292 - {Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode}
H01M10/052 - Li-accumulators

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02E - REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
Y02E60/10 - Energy storage

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
H01M4/625 - {Carbon or graphite}
H01M4/622 - {being polymers}
H01M4/134 - Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
H01M4/362 - {Composites}

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B82 - NANOTECHNOLOGY B82Y - SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES
B82Y30/00 - Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
H01M4/386 - {Silicon or alloys based on silicon}
H01M4/505 - of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M4/525 - of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02T - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
Y02T10/70 - Energy storage for electromobility

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS
C01B33/023 - by reduction of silica or {free} silica-containing material

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
H01M2004/021 - {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area}
H01M4/366 - {as layered products}

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DOE Contract Number:: AR0000034

Resource Type:: Patent

Resource Relation:: Patent File Date: 2012 Jan 19

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Anguchamy, Yogesh Kumar, Masarapu, Charan, Deng, Haixia, Han, Yongbong, Venkatachalam, Subramanian, Kumar, Sujeet, and Lopez, Herman A. Porous silicon based anode material formed using metal reduction.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
        Web.

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                    Anguchamy, Yogesh Kumar, Masarapu, Charan, Deng, Haixia, Han, Yongbong, Venkatachalam, Subramanian, Kumar, Sujeet, & Lopez, Herman A. Porous silicon based anode material formed using metal reduction.  United States.

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                    Anguchamy, Yogesh Kumar, Masarapu, Charan, Deng, Haixia, Han, Yongbong, Venkatachalam, Subramanian, Kumar, Sujeet, and Lopez, Herman A. Tue .  
        "Porous silicon based anode material formed using metal reduction".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1221392.

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@article{osti_1221392,

  title        = {Porous silicon based anode material formed using metal reduction},

  author       = {Anguchamy, Yogesh Kumar and Masarapu, Charan and Deng, Haixia and Han, Yongbong and Venkatachalam, Subramanian and Kumar, Sujeet and Lopez, Herman A.},

  abstractNote = {A porous silicon based material comprising porous crystalline elemental silicon formed by reducing silicon dioxide with a reducing metal in a heating process followed by acid etching is used to construct negative electrode used in lithium ion batteries. Gradual temperature heating ramp(s) with optional temperature steps can be used to perform the heating process. The porous silicon formed has a high surface area from about 10 m.sup.2/g to about 200 m.sup.2/g and is substantially free of carbon. The negative electrode formed can have a discharge specific capacity of at least 1800 mAh/g at rate of C/3 discharged from 1.5V to 0.005V against lithium with in some embodiments loading levels ranging from about 1.4 mg/cm.sup.2 to about 3.5 mg/cm.sup.2. In some embodiments, the porous silicon can be coated with a carbon coating or blended with carbon nanofibers or other conductive carbon material.},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2015},

  month        = {9}

}

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Title: Porous silicon based anode material formed using metal reduction

Abstract

Citation Formats

High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires journal, December 2007

High Capacity, Temperature-Stable Lithium Aluminum Manganese Oxide Cathodes for Rechargeable Batteries journal, January 1999

Cyclic deterioration and its improvement for Li-rich layered cathode material Li[Ni0.17Li0.2Co0.07Mn0.56]O2 journal, January 2010

A new approach to improve the high-voltage cyclic performance of Li-rich layered cathode material by electrochemical pre-treatment journal, August 2008

Enhancing the rate capability of high capacity xLi2MnO3 · (1−x)LiMO2 (M=Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes by Li–Ni–PO4 treatment journal, April 2009

Layered Li(Li0.2Ni0.15+0.5zCo0.10Mn0.55−0.5z)O2−zFz cathode materials for Li-ion secondary batteries journal, August 2005

Synthesis of spherical Li[Ni(1/3−z)Co(1/3−z)Mn(1/3−z)Mgz]O2 as positive electrode material for lithium-ion battery journal, February 2006

Improvement of High-Voltage Cycling Behavior of Surface-Modified Li[Ni[sub 1∕3]Co[sub 1∕3]Mn[sub 1∕3]]O[sub 2] Cathodes by Fluorine Substitution for Li-Ion Batteries journal, July 2005

High capacity Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 cathode materials via a carbonate co-precipitation method journal, November 2006

Improvement of cycling stability of Si anode by mechanochemcial reduction and carbon coating journal, April 2009

Electrical transport in doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes journal, April 2001

Nano-SnSb alloy deposited on MCMB as an anode material for lithium ion batteries journal, January 2001

AlF3-Coating to Improve High Voltage Cycling Performance of Li[Ni1∕3]Co1∕3]Mn1∕3]O2 Cathode Materials for Lithium Secondary Batteries journal, January 2007

Significant improvement of high voltage cycling behavior AlF3-coated LiCoO2 cathode journal, May 2006

Comments on the structural complexity of lithium-rich Li1+xM1−xO2 electrodes (M=Mn, Ni, Co) for lithium batteries journal, September 2006

Significant Improvement of Electrochemical Performance of AlF3-Coated Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 Cathode Materials journal, January 2007

Nanosized silicon-based composite derived by in situ mechanochemical reduction for lithium ion batteries journal, February 2007

Electrochemical behaviors of silicon based anode material journal, August 2005

Lithium Insertion in Carbon-Silicon Composite Materials Produced by Mechanical Milling journal, January 1998

Impedance Analysis of Silicon Nanowire Lithium Ion Battery Anodes journal, June 2009

High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires
journal, December 2007

High Capacity, Temperature-Stable Lithium Aluminum Manganese Oxide Cathodes for Rechargeable Batteries
journal, January 1999

Cyclic deterioration and its improvement for Li-rich layered cathode material Li[Ni_0.17Li_0.2Co_0.07Mn_0.56]O₂
journal, January 2010

A new approach to improve the high-voltage cyclic performance of Li-rich layered cathode material by electrochemical pre-treatment
journal, August 2008

Enhancing the rate capability of high capacity xLi₂MnO₃ · (1−x)LiMO₂ (M=Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes by Li–Ni–PO₄ treatment
journal, April 2009

Layered Li(Li_0.2Ni_0.15+0.5zCo_0.10Mn_0.55−0.5z)O_2−zF_z cathode materials for Li-ion secondary batteries
journal, August 2005

Synthesis of spherical Li[Ni_(1/3−z)Co_(1/3−z)Mn_(1/3−z)Mg_z]O₂ as positive electrode material for lithium-ion battery
journal, February 2006

Improvement of High-Voltage Cycling Behavior of Surface-Modified Li[Ni[sub 1∕3]Co[sub 1∕3]Mn[sub 1∕3]]O[sub 2] Cathodes by Fluorine Substitution for Li-Ion Batteries
journal, July 2005

High capacity Li[Li_0.2Ni_0.2Mn_0.6]O₂ cathode materials via a carbonate co-precipitation method
journal, November 2006

Improvement of cycling stability of Si anode by mechanochemcial reduction and carbon coating
journal, April 2009

Electrical transport in doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes
journal, April 2001

Nano-SnSb alloy deposited on MCMB as an anode material for lithium ion batteries
journal, January 2001

AlF₃-Coating to Improve High Voltage Cycling Performance of Li[Ni_1∕3]Co_1∕3]Mn_1∕3]O₂ Cathode Materials for Lithium Secondary Batteries
journal, January 2007

Significant improvement of high voltage cycling behavior AlF₃-coated LiCoO₂ cathode
journal, May 2006

Comments on the structural complexity of lithium-rich Li_1+xM_1−xO₂ electrodes (M=Mn, Ni, Co) for lithium batteries
journal, September 2006

Significant Improvement of Electrochemical Performance of AlF₃-Coated Li[Ni_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1]O₂ Cathode Materials
journal, January 2007

Nanosized silicon-based composite derived by in situ mechanochemical reduction for lithium ion batteries
journal, February 2007

Electrochemical behaviors of silicon based anode material
journal, August 2005

Lithium Insertion in Carbon-Silicon Composite Materials Produced by Mechanical Milling
journal, January 1998

Impedance Analysis of Silicon Nanowire Lithium Ion Battery Anodes
journal, June 2009