Trailing edge cooling using angled impingement on surface enhanced with cast chevron arrangements

Lee, Ching-Pang; Heneveld, Benjamin E.; Brown, Glenn E.; Klinger, Jill

Advanced Search OptionsAdvanced Search queries use a traditional Term Search. For more info, see our FAQ.

All Fields:

Patent Title:

Abstract:

Assignee:

Inventor(s):

Patent Number:

Patent Classification (CPC):

All Classifications
A - human necessities
A01 - agriculture
A21 - baking
A22 - butchering
A23 - foods or foodstuffs
A24 - tobacco
A41 - wearing apparel
A42 - headwear
A43 - footwear
A44 - haberdashery
A45 - hand or travelling articles
A46 - brushware
A47 - furniture
A61 - medical or veterinary science
A62 - life-saving
A63 - sports
A99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
B - performing operations
B01 - physical or chemical processes or apparatus in general
B02 - crushing, pulverising, or disintegrating
B03 - separation of solid materials using liquids or using pneumatic tables or jigs
B04 - centrifugal apparatus or machines for carrying-out physical or chemical processes
B05 - spraying or atomising in general
B06 - generating or transmitting mechanical vibrations in general
B07 - separating solids from solids
B08 - cleaning
B09 - disposal of solid waste
B21 - mechanical metal-working without essentially removing material
B22 - casting
B23 - machine tools
B24 - grinding
B25 - hand tools
B26 - hand cutting tools
B27 - working or preserving wood or similar material
B28 - working cement, clay, or stone
B29 - working of plastics
B30 - presses
B31 - making articles of paper, cardboard or material worked in a manner analogous to paper
B32 - layered products
B33 - additive manufacturing technology
B41 - printing
B42 - bookbinding
B43 - writing or drawing implements
B44 - decorative arts
B60 - vehicles in general
B61 - railways
B62 - land vehicles for travelling otherwise than on rails
B63 - ships or other waterborne vessels
B64 - aircraft
B65 - conveying
B66 - hoisting
B67 - opening, closing {or cleaning} bottles, jars or similar containers
B68 - saddlery
B81 - microstructural technology
B82 - nanotechnology
B99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
C - chemistry
C01 - inorganic chemistry
C02 - treatment of water, waste water, sewage, or sludge
C03 - glass
C04 - cements
C05 - fertilisers
C06 - explosives
C07 - organic chemistry
C08 - organic macromolecular compounds
C09 - dyes
C10 - petroleum, gas or coke industries
C11 - animal or vegetable oils, fats, fatty substances or waxes
C12 - biochemistry
C13 - sugar industry
C14 - skins
C21 - metallurgy of iron
C22 - metallurgy
C23 - coating metallic material
C25 - electrolytic or electrophoretic processes
C30 - crystal growth
C40 - combinatorial technology
C99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
D - textiles
D01 - natural or man-made threads or fibres
D02 - yarns
D03 - weaving
D04 - braiding
D05 - sewing
D06 - treatment of textiles or the like
D07 - ropes
D10 - indexing scheme associated with sublasses of section d, relating to textiles
D21 - paper-making
D99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
E - fixed constructions
E01 - construction of roads, railways, or bridges
E02 - hydraulic engineering
E03 - water supply
E04 - building
E05 - locks
E06 - doors, windows, shutters, or roller blinds in general
E21 - earth drilling
E99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
F - mechanical engineering
F01 - machines or engines in general
F02 - combustion engines
F03 - machines or engines for liquids
F04 - positive - displacement machines for liquids
F05 - indexing schemes relating to engines or pumps in various subclasses of classes f01-f04
F15 - fluid-pressure actuators
F16 - engineering elements and units
F17 - storing or distributing gases or liquids
F21 - lighting
F22 - steam generation
F23 - combustion apparatus
F24 - heating
F25 - refrigeration or cooling
F26 - drying
F27 - furnaces
F28 - heat exchange in general
F41 - weapons
F42 - ammunition
F99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
G - physics
G01 - measuring
G02 - optics
G03 - photography
G04 - horology
G05 - controlling
G06 - computing
G07 - checking-devices
G08 - signalling
G09 - education
G10 - musical instruments
G11 - information storage
G12 - instrument details
G16 - information and communication technology [ict] specially adapted for specific application fields
G21 - nuclear physics
G99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
H - electricity
H01 - basic electric elements
H02 - generation
H03 - basic electronic circuitry
H04 - electric communication technique
H05 - electric techniques not otherwise provided for
H99 - subject matter not otherwise provided for in this section
Y - new / cross sectional technologies
Y02 - technologies or applications for mitigation or adaptation against climate change
Y04 - information or communication technologies having an impact on other technology areas
Y10 - technical subjects covered by former uspc

More Options ...

Title: Trailing edge cooling using angled impingement on surface enhanced with cast chevron arrangements

Abstract

A gas turbine engine component, including: a pressure side (12) having an interior surface (34); a suction side (14) having an interior surface (36); a trailing edge portion (30); and a plurality of suction side and pressure side impingement orifices (24) disposed in the trailing edge portion (30). Each suction side impingement orifice is configured to direct an impingement jet (48) at an acute angle (52) onto a target area (60) that encompasses a tip (140) of a chevron (122) within a chevron arrangement (120) formed in the suction side interior surface. Each pressure side impingement orifice is configured to direct an impingement jet at an acute angle onto an elongated target area that encompasses a tip of a chevron within a chevron arrangement formed in the pressure side interior surface.

Inventors:: Lee, Ching-Pang; Heneveld, Benjamin E.; Brown, Glenn E.; Klinger, Jill

Issue Date:: 2015-05-26

Research Org.:: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Munchen, DE (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1182596

Patent Number(s):: 9039371

Application Number:: 14/068,070

Assignee:: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft (Munchen, DE)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):: F - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL F01D - NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES

F - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04 F05D - INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS

Show more

F - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING F01 - MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL F01D - NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
F01D5/187 - {Convection cooling}
F01D9/02 - Nozzles

F - MECHANICAL ENGINEERING F05 - INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04 F05D - INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
F05D2240/122 - related to the trailing edge of a stator vane
F05D2240/304 - related to the trailing edge of a rotor blade
F05D2260/201 - by impingement of a fluid
F05D2260/2212 - by creating turbulence

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02T - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
Y02T50/60 - Efficient propulsion technologies

Show less

DOE Contract Number:: SC0001359

Resource Type:: Patent

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS; 17 WIND ENERGY

Citation Formats


                    Lee, Ching-Pang, Heneveld, Benjamin E., Brown, Glenn E., and Klinger, Jill. Trailing edge cooling using angled impingement on surface enhanced with cast chevron arrangements.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
        Web.

Copy to clipboard


                    Lee, Ching-Pang, Heneveld, Benjamin E., Brown, Glenn E., & Klinger, Jill. Trailing edge cooling using angled impingement on surface enhanced with cast chevron arrangements.  United States.

Copy to clipboard


                    Lee, Ching-Pang, Heneveld, Benjamin E., Brown, Glenn E., and Klinger, Jill. Tue .  
        "Trailing edge cooling using angled impingement on surface enhanced with cast chevron arrangements".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1182596.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1182596,

  title        = {Trailing edge cooling using angled impingement on surface enhanced with cast chevron arrangements},

  author       = {Lee, Ching-Pang and Heneveld, Benjamin E. and Brown, Glenn E. and Klinger, Jill},

  abstractNote = {A gas turbine engine component, including: a pressure side (12) having an interior surface (34); a suction side (14) having an interior surface (36); a trailing edge portion (30); and a plurality of suction side and pressure side impingement orifices (24) disposed in the trailing edge portion (30). Each suction side impingement orifice is configured to direct an impingement jet (48) at an acute angle (52) onto a target area (60) that encompasses a tip (140) of a chevron (122) within a chevron arrangement (120) formed in the suction side interior surface. Each pressure side impingement orifice is configured to direct an impingement jet at an acute angle onto an elongated target area that encompasses a tip of a chevron within a chevron arrangement formed in the pressure side interior surface.},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2015},

  month        = {5}

}

Copy to clipboard

Patent:

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Transpiration Cooled Blades For Turbines, Compressors, And The Like
patent, March 1966

Watts, Hargus; De Feo, Angelo
US Patent Document 3240468
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/3240468

Coolable wall
patent, October 1978

Dierberger, James A.
US Patent Document 4,118,146
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/4118146

Air-cooled turbine blade
patent, January 1980

Takahara, Kitao; Nose, Hiroyuki; Sasaki, Makoto
US Patent Document 4,183,716
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/4183716

Turbine blade
patent, December 1980

Hucul, Jr., Elias; Gladden, Robert E.
US Patent Document 4,236,870
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/4236870

Cooled turbine vane
patent, October 1981

Durgin, George A.; Demers, Daniel Edward
US Patent Document 4,297,077
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/4297077

Film cooled vanes and turbines
patent, September 1988

Anderson, Leon R.; Auxier, Thomas A.
US Patent Document 4,770,608
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/4770608

Internally cooled airfoil
patent, September 1993

Winstanley, David K.; Phillips, John
US Patent Document 5,246,340
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/5246340

Cooled aerofoil blade for vane for a gas turbine engine
patent, November 1993

Tubbs, Henry
US Patent Document 5,263,820
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/5263820

Chordally bifurcated turbine blade
patent, October 1994

Kercher, David M.
US Patent Document 5,356,265
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/5356265

Cooled airfoils for a gas turbine engine
patent, December 1997

Moore, Robert P.
US Patent Document 5,702,232
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/5702232

Turbomachinery airfoil with optimized heat transfer
patent, August 1999

Krause, David A.; Mongillo, Dominic J.; Soechting, Friedrich
US Patent Document 5,931,638
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/5931638

Multiple impingement airfoil cooling
patent, January 2001

Lee, Ching-Pang; Durgin, George A.
US Patent Document 6,174,134
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/6174134

Low cost airfoil cooling circuit with sidewall impingement cooling chambers
patent, March 2001

Glynn, Christopher Charles; Wilson, Paul; Martus, James A.
US Patent Document 6,206,638
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/6206638

Coolable airfoil structure
patent, May 2001

Zelesky, Mark F.; Mongillo, Dominic J.
US Patent Document 6,234,754
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/6234754

Gas turbine cooling moving blade
patent, July 2001

Fukuno, Hiroki; Tomita, Yasuoki; Suenaga, Kiyoshi
US Patent Document 6,254,346
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/6254346

Turbine blade with preferentially-cooled trailing edge pressure wall
patent, August 2001

Lee, Ching-Pang
US Patent Document 6,273,682
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/6273682

Air-cooled turbine blade
patent, August 2002

Taeck, Ulrike
US Patent Document 6,439,847
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/6439847

Crossover cooled airfoil trailing edge
patent, August 2003

Manning, Robert Francis; Taslim, Mohammad E.
US Patent Document 6,607,356
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/6607356

Multiple impingement cooled structure
patent, August 2004

DeMarche, Thomas Edward; Manning, Robert Francis
US Patent Document 6,779,597
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/6779597

Impingement cooling of gas turbine blades or vanes
patent, June 2006

Gray, Christopher
US Patent Document 7,056,083
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7056083

Vortex cooling system for a turbine blade
patent, October 2006

Liang, George
US Patent Document 7,128,533
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7128533

Turbine blade cooling system
patent, February 2008

Downs, James P.; Roeloffs, Norman; Pietraszkiewicz, Edward F.
US Patent Document 7,334,992
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7334992

Turbine blade with cooling and with improved service life
patent, March 2010

Boury, Jacques; Eneau, Patrice; Moreau, Guy
US Patent Document 7,670,112
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7670112

Turbine airfoil with multiple impingement cooling circuit
patent, April 2010

Liang, George
US Patent Document 7,690,892
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7690892

Two piece hollow turbine blade with serpentine cooling circuits
patent, January 2011

Liang, George
US Patent Document 7,862,299
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/7862299

Film-cooling augmentation device and turbine airfoil incorporating the same
patent, November 2011

Draper, Samuel David
US Patent Document 8,052,378
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/8052378

Turbine blade with serpentine cooling circuit formed within the tip shroud
patent, January 2012

Liang, George
US Patent Document 8,096,767
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/8096767

Turbine blade with multi-impingement cooling
patent, March 2013

Liang, George
US Patent Document 8,398,370
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/8398370

Turbine Airfoil Concave Cooling Passage Using Dual-Swirl Flow Mechanism and Method
patent-application, April 2009

Bunker, Ronald Scott; Itzel, Gary Michael
US Patent Application 11/863744; 20090087312
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20090087312

Turbine Blade Incorporating Trailing Edge Cooling Design
patent-application, June 2013

Lee, Ching-Pang; Brown, Glenn E.; Heneveld, Benjamin E.
US Patent Application 13/311630; 20130142666
URL: https://image-ppubs.uspto.gov/dirsearch-public/print/downloadPdf/20130142666

Designing a Turbine Blade Cooling System Using a Generalised Regression Genetic Algorithm
journal, January 2003

Roy, R.; Tiwari, A.; Corbett, J.
CIRP Annals, Vol. 52, Issue 1, p. 415-418
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60614-3

Similar Records in DOE Patents and OSTI.GOV collections:

Enhanced heat transfer surface for cast-in-bump-covered cooling surfaces and methods of enhancing heat transfer

Patent Chiu, Rong-Shi Paul [Glenmont, NY]; Hasz, Wayne Charles [Pownal, VT]; Johnson, Robert Alan [Simpsonville, SC]; ...

An annular turbine shroud separates a hot gas path from a cooling plenum containing a cooling medium. Bumps are cast in the surface on the cooling side of the shroud. A surface coating overlies the cooling side surface of the shroud, including the bumps, and contains cooling enhancement material. The surface area ratio of the cooling side of the shroud with the bumps and coating is in excess of a surface area ratio of the cooling side surface with bumps without the coating to afford increased heat transfer across the element relative to the heat transfer across the element withoutmore » the coating. « less
Full Text Available
Internal cooling system with converging-diverging exit slots in trailing edge cooling channel for an airfoil in a turbine engine

Patent Lee, Ching-Pang; Myers, Caleb; Johnson, Erik; ...

An airfoil (10) is disclosed for a gas turbine engine in which the airfoil (10) includes an internal cooling system (14) with one or more converging-diverging exit slots (20) configured to increase the effectiveness of the cooling system (14) at the trailing edge (34) of the airfoil (10) by increasing the contact of cooling fluids with internal surfaces (24, 30) of the pressure and suction sides (36, 38) of the airfoil (10). In at least one embodiment, the trailing edge cooling channel (18) may include one or more converging-diverging exit slots (20) to further pressurize the trailing edge cooling channelmore » « less
Full Text Available
Impingement cooling arrangement having a snap-in plate

Patent Little, David A.; Johnson, Clifford E.

A cooling arrangement (100), including: a substrate having a pocket (24) defined by a rib side surface (28) and a bottom surface (26); a feature (112) formed in the rib side surface; and an impingement plate (102). In an installed configuration (116) a resilience of the impingement plate enables an interference between the impingement plate and the feature that locks the impingement plate in an installed position (118). An elastic compression of the impingement plate from the installed configuration eliminates the interference.
Full Text Available
Hot gas path component trailing edge having near wall cooling features

Patent Lacy, Benjamin Paul; Kottilingam, Srikanth Chandrudu; Miranda, Carlos Miguel; ...

A hot gas path component includes a substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface defines an interior space. The outer surface defines a pressure side surface and a suction side surface. The pressure and suction side surfaces are joined together at a leading edge and at a trailing edge. A first cooling passage is formed in the suction side surface of the substrate. It is coupled in flow communication to the interior space. A second cooling passage, separate from the first cooling passage, is formed in the pressure side surface. The second cooling passage ismore » « less
Full Text Available
Partially turbulated trailing edge cooling passages for gas turbine nozzles

Patent Thatcher, Jonathan Carl [Schenectady, NY]; Burdgick, Steven Sebastian [Schenectady, NY]

A plurality of passages are spaced one from the other along the length of a trailing edge of a nozzle vane in a gas turbine. The passages lie in communication with a cavity in the vane for flowing cooling air from the cavity through the passages through the tip of the trailing edge into the hot gas path. Each passage is partially turbulated and includes ribs in an aft portion thereof to provide enhanced cooling effects adjacent the tip of the trailing edge. The major portions of the passages are smooth bore. By this arrangement, reduced temperature gradients across themore » « less
Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Trailing edge cooling using angled impingement on surface enhanced with cast chevron arrangements

Abstract

Citation Formats

Transpiration Cooled Blades For Turbines, Compressors, And The Like patent, March 1966

Coolable wall patent, October 1978

Air-cooled turbine blade patent, January 1980

Turbine blade patent, December 1980

Cooled turbine vane patent, October 1981

Film cooled vanes and turbines patent, September 1988

Internally cooled airfoil patent, September 1993

Cooled aerofoil blade for vane for a gas turbine engine patent, November 1993

Chordally bifurcated turbine blade patent, October 1994

Cooled airfoils for a gas turbine engine patent, December 1997

Turbomachinery airfoil with optimized heat transfer patent, August 1999

Multiple impingement airfoil cooling patent, January 2001

Low cost airfoil cooling circuit with sidewall impingement cooling chambers patent, March 2001

Coolable airfoil structure patent, May 2001

Gas turbine cooling moving blade patent, July 2001

Turbine blade with preferentially-cooled trailing edge pressure wall patent, August 2001

Air-cooled turbine blade patent, August 2002

Crossover cooled airfoil trailing edge patent, August 2003

Multiple impingement cooled structure patent, August 2004

Impingement cooling of gas turbine blades or vanes patent, June 2006

Vortex cooling system for a turbine blade patent, October 2006

Turbine blade cooling system patent, February 2008

Turbine blade with cooling and with improved service life patent, March 2010

Turbine airfoil with multiple impingement cooling circuit patent, April 2010

Two piece hollow turbine blade with serpentine cooling circuits patent, January 2011

Film-cooling augmentation device and turbine airfoil incorporating the same patent, November 2011

Turbine blade with serpentine cooling circuit formed within the tip shroud patent, January 2012

Turbine blade with multi-impingement cooling patent, March 2013

Turbine Airfoil Concave Cooling Passage Using Dual-Swirl Flow Mechanism and Method patent-application, April 2009

Turbine Blade Incorporating Trailing Edge Cooling Design patent-application, June 2013

Designing a Turbine Blade Cooling System Using a Generalised Regression Genetic Algorithm journal, January 2003

Transpiration Cooled Blades For Turbines, Compressors, And The Like
patent, March 1966

Coolable wall
patent, October 1978

Air-cooled turbine blade
patent, January 1980

Turbine blade
patent, December 1980

Cooled turbine vane
patent, October 1981

Film cooled vanes and turbines
patent, September 1988

Internally cooled airfoil
patent, September 1993

Cooled aerofoil blade for vane for a gas turbine engine
patent, November 1993

Chordally bifurcated turbine blade
patent, October 1994

Cooled airfoils for a gas turbine engine
patent, December 1997

Turbomachinery airfoil with optimized heat transfer
patent, August 1999

Multiple impingement airfoil cooling
patent, January 2001

Low cost airfoil cooling circuit with sidewall impingement cooling chambers
patent, March 2001

Coolable airfoil structure
patent, May 2001

Gas turbine cooling moving blade
patent, July 2001

Turbine blade with preferentially-cooled trailing edge pressure wall
patent, August 2001

Air-cooled turbine blade
patent, August 2002

Crossover cooled airfoil trailing edge
patent, August 2003

Multiple impingement cooled structure
patent, August 2004

Impingement cooling of gas turbine blades or vanes
patent, June 2006

Vortex cooling system for a turbine blade
patent, October 2006

Turbine blade cooling system
patent, February 2008

Turbine blade with cooling and with improved service life
patent, March 2010

Turbine airfoil with multiple impingement cooling circuit
patent, April 2010

Two piece hollow turbine blade with serpentine cooling circuits
patent, January 2011

Film-cooling augmentation device and turbine airfoil incorporating the same
patent, November 2011

Turbine blade with serpentine cooling circuit formed within the tip shroud
patent, January 2012

Turbine blade with multi-impingement cooling
patent, March 2013

Turbine Airfoil Concave Cooling Passage Using Dual-Swirl Flow Mechanism and Method
patent-application, April 2009

Turbine Blade Incorporating Trailing Edge Cooling Design
patent-application, June 2013

Designing a Turbine Blade Cooling System Using a Generalised Regression Genetic Algorithm
journal, January 2003