Smart electric vehicle (EV) charging and grid integration apparatus and methods

Gadh, Rajit; Mal, Siddhartha; Prabhu, Shivanand; Chu, Chi-Cheng; Sheikh, Omar; Chung, Ching-Yen; He, Lei; Xiao, Bingjun; Shi, Yiyu

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Title: Smart electric vehicle (EV) charging and grid integration apparatus and methods

Abstract

An expert system manages a power grid wherein charging stations are connected to the power grid, with electric vehicles connected to the charging stations, whereby the expert system selectively backfills power from connected electric vehicles to the power grid through a grid tie inverter (if present) within the charging stations. In more traditional usage, the expert system allows for electric vehicle charging, coupled with user preferences as to charge time, charge cost, and charging station capabilities, without exceeding the power grid capacity at any point. A robust yet accurate state of charge (SOC) calculation method is also presented, whereby initially an open circuit voltage (OCV) based on sampled battery voltages and currents is calculated, and then the SOC is obtained based on a mapping between a previously measured reference OCV (ROCV) and SOC. The OCV-SOC calculation method accommodates likely any battery type with any current profile.

Inventors:: Gadh, Rajit; Mal, Siddhartha; Prabhu, Shivanand; Chu, Chi-Cheng; Sheikh, Omar; Chung, Ching-Yen; He, Lei; Xiao, Bingjun; Shi, Yiyu

Issue Date:: 2015-05-05

Research Org.:: Univ. of California, Oakland, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1179006

Patent Number(s):: 9026347

Application Number:: 13/693,747

Assignee:: The Regents of the University of California (Oakland, CA)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):: B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES

G - PHYSICS G01 - MEASURING G01R - MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES

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B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L53/30 - Constructional details of charging stations
B60L53/305 - {Communication interfaces}
B60L53/51 - Photovoltaic means
B60L53/63 - in response to network capacity
B60L53/67 - Controlling two or more charging stations
B60L55/00 - Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements

G - PHYSICS G01 - MEASURING G01R - MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES
G01R31/3842 - combining voltage and current measurements

H - ELECTRICITY H02 - GENERATION H02J - CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER
H02J2310/64 - The condition being economic, e.g. tariff based load management
H02J3/14 - by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02B - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
Y02B70/3225 - Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02E - REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
Y02E60/00 - Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02T - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
Y02T10/70 - Energy storage for electromobility
Y02T10/7072 - Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
Y02T90/12 - Electric charging stations
Y02T90/14 - Plug-in electric vehicles
Y02T90/16 - Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
Y02T90/167 - Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y04 - INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS Y04S - SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
Y04S10/126 - the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
Y04S20/222 - Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
Y04S30/12 - Remote or cooperative charging
Y04S30/14 - Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
Y04S50/10 - Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

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DOE Contract Number:: OE0000192

Resource Type:: Patent

Resource Relation:: Patent File Date: 2012 Dec 04

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION; 25 ENERGY STORAGE; 33 ADVANCED PROPULSION SYSTEMS

Citation Formats


                    Gadh, Rajit, Mal, Siddhartha, Prabhu, Shivanand, Chu, Chi-Cheng, Sheikh, Omar, Chung, Ching-Yen, He, Lei, Xiao, Bingjun, and Shi, Yiyu. Smart electric vehicle (EV) charging and grid integration apparatus and methods.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
        Web.

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                    Gadh, Rajit, Mal, Siddhartha, Prabhu, Shivanand, Chu, Chi-Cheng, Sheikh, Omar, Chung, Ching-Yen, He, Lei, Xiao, Bingjun, & Shi, Yiyu. Smart electric vehicle (EV) charging and grid integration apparatus and methods.  United States.

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                    Gadh, Rajit, Mal, Siddhartha, Prabhu, Shivanand, Chu, Chi-Cheng, Sheikh, Omar, Chung, Ching-Yen, He, Lei, Xiao, Bingjun, and Shi, Yiyu. Tue .  
        "Smart electric vehicle (EV) charging and grid integration apparatus and methods".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1179006.

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@article{osti_1179006,

  title        = {Smart electric vehicle (EV) charging and grid integration apparatus and methods},

  author       = {Gadh, Rajit and Mal, Siddhartha and Prabhu, Shivanand and Chu, Chi-Cheng and Sheikh, Omar and Chung, Ching-Yen and He, Lei and Xiao, Bingjun and Shi, Yiyu},

  abstractNote = {An expert system manages a power grid wherein charging stations are connected to the power grid, with electric vehicles connected to the charging stations, whereby the expert system selectively backfills power from connected electric vehicles to the power grid through a grid tie inverter (if present) within the charging stations. In more traditional usage, the expert system allows for electric vehicle charging, coupled with user preferences as to charge time, charge cost, and charging station capabilities, without exceeding the power grid capacity at any point. A robust yet accurate state of charge (SOC) calculation method is also presented, whereby initially an open circuit voltage (OCV) based on sampled battery voltages and currents is calculated, and then the SOC is obtained based on a mapping between a previously measured reference OCV (ROCV) and SOC. The OCV-SOC calculation method accommodates likely any battery type with any current profile.},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2015},

  month        = {5}

}

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