Title: Non-crosslinked, amorphous, block copolymer electrolyte for batteries

Abstract

Solid battery components are provided. A block copolymeric electrolyte is non-crosslinked and non-glassy through the entire range of typical battery service temperatures, that is, through the entire range of at least from about 0.degree. C. to about 70.degree. C. The chains of which the copolymer is made each include at least one ionically-conductive block and at least one second block immiscible with the ionically-conductive block. The chains form an amorphous association and are arranged in an ordered nanostructure including a continuous matrix of amorphous ionically-conductive domains and amorphous second domains that are immiscible with the ionically-conductive domains. A compound is provided that has a formula of Li.sub.xM.sub.yN.sub.zO.sub.2. M and N are each metal atoms or a main group elements, and x, y and z are each numbers from about 0 to about 1. y and z are chosen such that a formal charge on the M.sub.yN.sub.z portion of the compound is (4-x). In certain embodiments, these compounds are used in the cathodes of rechargeable batteries. The present invention also includes methods of predicting the potential utility of metal dichalgogenide compounds for use in lithium intercalation compounds. It also provides methods for processing lithium intercalation oxides with the structure and compositionalmore » homogeneity necessary to realize the increased formation energies of said compounds. An article is made of a dimensionally-stable, interpenetrating microstructure of a first phase including a first component and a second phase, immiscible with the first phase, including a second component. The first and second phases define interphase boundaries between them, and at least one particle is positioned between a first phase and a second phase at an interphase boundary. When the first and second phases are electronically-conductive and ionically-conductive polymers, respectively, and the particles are ion host particles, the arrangement is an electrode of a battery. « less

Inventors:

Mayes, Anne M.; Ceder, Gerbrand; Chiang, Yet-Ming; Sadoway, Donald R.; Aydinol, Mehmet K.; Soo, Philip P.; Jang, Young-Il; Huang, Biying

Issue Date:

2006-04-11

Research Org.:

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE

OSTI Identifier:

1175696

Patent Number(s):

7026071

Application Number:

09/862,916

Assignee:

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Cambridge, MA)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01D - COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM

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C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B13/14 - Methods for preparing oxides or hydroxides in general

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01D - COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM

C01D15/02 - Oxides

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01G - COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F

C01G45/1228 - {of the type [MnO2]n- , e.g. LiMnO2, Li[MxMn1-x]O2}
C01G51/42 - {containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2}
C01G53/42 - {containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2}

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01P - INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

C01P2002/02 - Amorphous compounds
C01P2002/08 - Intercalated structures, i.e. with atoms or molecules intercalated in their structure
C01P2002/20 - Two-dimensional structures
C01P2002/30 - Three-dimensional structures
C01P2002/52 - containing elements as dopants
C01P2002/54 - one element only
C01P2002/72 - by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
C01P2004/04 - obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
C01P2006/40 - Electric properties
C01P2006/80 - Compositional purity

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01B - CABLES

H01B1/122 - {Ionic conductors}

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

H01M10/052 - Li-accumulators
H01M10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes
H01M10/0565 - Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
H01M2300/0085 - Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
H01M2300/0091 - in the form of mixtures
H01M4/13 - Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators
H01M4/131 - Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
H01M4/133 - Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
H01M4/362 - {Composites}
H01M4/382 - {Lithium
H01M4/485 - of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
H01M4/505 - of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
H01M4/525 - of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
H01M4/624 - {Electric conductive fillers}

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02E - REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

Y02E60/10 - Energy storage

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y10 - TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC Y10T - TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION

Y10T428/31 - Surface property or characteristic of web, sheet or block
Y10T428/31935 - Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer

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DOE Contract Number:  

FC07-94ID13223

Resource Type:

Patent

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

25 ENERGY STORAGE