Title: Hydrogen transport membranes

Abstract

Composite hydrogen transport membranes, which are used for extraction of hydrogen from gas mixtures are provided. Methods are described for supporting metals and metal alloys which have high hydrogen permeability, but which are either too thin to be self supporting, too weak to resist differential pressures across the membrane, or which become embrittled by hydrogen. Support materials are chosen to be lattice matched to the metals and metal alloys. Preferred metals with high permeability for hydrogen include vanadium, niobium, tantalum, zirconium, palladium, and alloys thereof. Hydrogen-permeable membranes include those in which the pores of a porous support matrix are blocked by hydrogen-permeable metals and metal alloys, those in which the pores of a porous metal matrix are blocked with materials which make the membrane impervious to gases other than hydrogen, and cermets fabricated by sintering powders of metals with powders of lattice-matched ceramic.

Inventors:

Mundschau, Michael V.

Issue Date:

2005-05-31

Research Org.:

Eltron Research, Inc., Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE

OSTI Identifier:

1175366

Patent Number(s):

6899744

Application Number:

10/382,354

Assignee:

Eltron Research, Inc. (Boulder, CO)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

Show more

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B2203/0485 - the impurity being a sulfur compound

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/401 - Alkaline earth metals
C04B35/44 - based on aluminates
C04B2235/80 - Phases present in the sintered or melt-cast ceramic products other than the main phase
C04B2235/3213 - Strontium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01J - CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY

B01J19/2475 - {Membrane reactors}

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/3275 - Cobalt oxides, cobaltates or cobaltites or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bismuth cobaltate, zinc cobaltite

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D69/141 - {Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/3279 - Nickel oxides, nickalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
C04B35/2683 - {Other ferrites containing alkaline earth metals or lead}

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B2203/0475 - the impurity being carbon dioxide

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B35/47 - based on strontium titanates
C04B2235/3277 - Co3O4
C04B35/04 - based on magnesium oxide

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01J - CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY

B01J35/065 - {Membranes}

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/761 - Unit-cell parameters, e.g. lattice constants
C04B2235/405 - Iron group metals

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D71/022 - {Metals}

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B2203/0495 - the impurity being water

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D69/12 - Composite membranes

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/3272 - Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D71/02 - Inorganic material

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01J - CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY

B01J2523/00 - Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D69/10 - Supported membranes

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B3/503 - {characterised by the membrane}

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/404 - Refractory metals

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D67/0069 - {by deposition from the liquid phase, e.g. electrochemical deposition

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B2203/0465 - Composition of the impurity

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B35/42 - based on chromites

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B2203/049 - the impurity being carbon

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B35/46 - based on titanium oxides or titanates

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B3/16 - using catalysts

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/3208 - Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D71/024 - {Oxides}

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B2203/047 - the impurity being carbon monoxide

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/408 - Noble metals

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D53/228 - {characterised by specific membranes}

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02P - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

Y02P20/52 - using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/768 - Perovskite structure ABO3

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B2203/041 - In-situ membrane purification during hydrogen production

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D2325/10 - Catalysts being present on the surface of the membrane or in the pores

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B35/4682 - {based on BaTiO3 perovskite phase}
C04B35/2675 - {Other ferrites containing rare earth metals, e.g. rare earth ferrite garnets}
C04B2235/762 - Cubic symmetry, e.g. beta-SiC

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B3/505 - {Membranes containing palladium}

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01J - CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY

B01J2523/3706 - Lanthanum

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/3215 - Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
C04B35/443 - Magnesium aluminate spinel

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01J - CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY

B01J2523/845 - Cobalt

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B2203/1041 - Composition of the catalyst
C01B2203/0283 - containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D2325/26 - Electrical properties

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/3241 - Chromium oxides, chromates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
C04B2235/3205 - Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
C04B35/488 - Composites

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01J - CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY

B01J2523/24 - Strontium

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B2235/3224 - Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
C04B35/465 - based on alkaline earth metal titanates
C04B35/117 - Composites
C04B2235/402 - Aluminium

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01J - CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY

B01J23/002 - {Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite}

C - CHEMISTRY C04 - CEMENTS C04B - LIME, MAGNESIA

C04B35/01 - based on oxide ceramics
C04B35/016 - {based on manganites}
C04B2235/3227 - Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof

Show less

DOE Contract Number:  

FC26-00NT40762

Resource Type:

Patent

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

08 HYDROGEN