Title: Materials and methods for the separation of oxygen from air

Abstract

Metal oxides particularly useful for the manufacture of catalytic membranes for gas-phase oxygen separation processes having the formula: O.sub.5+z where: x and x' are greater than 0; y and y' are greater than 0; x+x' is equal to 2; y+y' is less than or equal to 2; z is a number that makes the metal oxide charge neutral; A is an element selected from the lanthanide elements; A' is an element selected from Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra; A" is an element selected from the f block lanthanides, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra; B is an element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In or mixtures thereof and B" is Co or Mg, with the exception that when B" is Mg, A' and A" are not Mg. The metal oxides are useful for preparation of dense membranes which may be formed from dense thin films of the mixed metal oxide on a porous metal oxide element. The invention also provides methods and catalytic reactors for oxygen separation and oxygen enrichment of oxygen deficient gases which employ mixed conducting metal oxides of the above formula.

Inventors:

MacKay, Richard; Schwartz, Michael; Sammells, Anthony F.

Issue Date:

2003-07-15

Research Org.:

Eltron Research, Inc., Boulder, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:

USDOE

OSTI Identifier:

1174396

Patent Number(s):

6592782

Application Number:

09/748,344

Assignee:

Eltron Research, Inc. (Boulder, CO)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01J - CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY

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B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01D - SEPARATION

B01D2323/08 - Specific temperatures applied
B01D2323/12 - Specific ratios of components used
B01D53/228 - {characterised by specific membranes}
B01D53/326 - {in electrochemical cells}
B01D67/0041 - {by agglomeration of particles in the dry state, e.g. sintering}
B01D67/0083 - {Thermal after-treatment}
B01D69/141 - {Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material
B01D71/02 - Inorganic material
B01D71/022 - {Metals}
B01D71/024 - {Oxides}

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B01 - PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL B01J - CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY

B01J12/007 - {in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates}
B01J19/2475 - {Membrane reactors}
B01J2219/00051 - Controlling the temperature
B01J2219/00063 - of the reactants
B01J2219/0018 - controlling the conductivity
B01J2219/00189 - controlling the stirring velocity
B01J23/002 - {Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite}
B01J23/83 - with rare earths or actinides
B01J2523/00 - Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
B01J2523/22 - Magnesium
B01J2523/23 - Calcium
B01J2523/24 - Strontium
B01J2523/31 - Aluminium
B01J2523/32 - Gallium
B01J2523/3706 - Lanthanum
B01J2523/842 - Iron
B01J2523/845 - Cobalt
B01J35/0033 - {Electric or magnetic properties}
B01J35/065 - {Membranes}
B01J4/04 - using osmotic pressure {using membranes, porous plates}

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01B - NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS

C01B13/0255 - {characterised by the type of membrane}
C01B17/0465 - {Catalyst compositions}
C01B2203/0261 - containing a catalytic partial oxidation step [CPO]
C01B2203/1035 - Catalyst coated on equipment surfaces, e.g. reactor walls
C01B2203/1041 - Composition of the catalyst
C01B2203/1052 - Nickel or cobalt catalysts
C01B2203/1082 - Composition of support materials
C01B2203/1241 - Natural gas or methane
C01B2203/1258 - Pre-treatment of the feed
C01B2210/0046 - Nitrogen
C01B2210/0051 - Carbon dioxide
C01B2210/0062 - Water
C01B2210/0071 - Sulfur oxides
C01B2210/0075 - Nitrogen oxides
C01B3/36 - using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
C01B3/386 - {Catalytic partial combustion}

C - CHEMISTRY C01 - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY C01C - AMMONIA

C01C3/0216 - {characterised by the catalyst used}

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

H01M4/9033 - {Complex oxides, optionally doped, of the type M1MeO3, M1 being an alkaline earth metal or a rare earth, Me being a metal, e.g. perovskites}
H01M4/9066 - {of metal-ceramic composites or mixtures, e.g. cermets}
H01M8/1231 - with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
H01M8/1246 - the electrolyte consisting of oxides

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02E - REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

Y02E60/50 - Fuel cells

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02P - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

Y02P20/52 - using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Y02P70/50 - Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y10 - TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC Y10S - TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS

Y10S505/701 - Coated or thin film device, i.e. active or passive
Y10S505/779 - Other rare earth, i.e. Sc,Y,Ce,Pr,Nd,Pm,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu and alkaline earth, i.e. Ca,Sr,Ba,Ra
Y10S505/785 - Composition containing superconducting material and diverse nonsuperconducting material

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DOE Contract Number:  

FG03-96ER82215

Resource Type:

Patent

Country of Publication:

United States

Language:

English

Subject:

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY