Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency

Pratt, Richard M; Hammerstrom, Donald J; Kintner-Meyer, Michael C.W.; Tuffner, Francis K

Title: Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency

Abstract

Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for charging and discharging an energy storage device connected to an electrical power distribution system. In one exemplary embodiment, a controller monitors electrical characteristics of an electrical power distribution system and provides an output to a bi-directional charger causing the charger to charge or discharge an energy storage device (e.g., a battery in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)). The controller can help stabilize the electrical power distribution system by increasing the charging rate when there is excess power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid exceeds an average value), or by discharging power from the energy storage device to stabilize the grid when there is a shortage of power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid is below an average value).

Inventors:: Pratt, Richard M; Hammerstrom, Donald J; Kintner-Meyer, Michael C.W.; Tuffner, Francis K

Issue Date:: 2013-07-02

Research Org.:: Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1086683

Patent Number(s):: 8478452

Application Number:: 12/755,260

Assignee:: Battelle Memorial Institute (Richland, WA)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):: G - PHYSICS G05 - CONTROLLING G05B - CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y04 - INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS Y04S - SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS

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G - PHYSICS G05 - CONTROLLING G05B - CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL
G05B15/02 - electric

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y04 - INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS Y04S - SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
Y04S10/14 - the elements or equipments being or involving energy storage units

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L2240/70 - Interactions with external data bases, e.g. traffic centres

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02T - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
Y02T10/72 - Electric energy management in electromobility
Y02T10/70 - Energy storage for electromobility

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y04 - INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS Y04S - SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
Y04S30/14 - Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing
Y04S40/12 - characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L2210/40 - DC to AC converters

H - ELECTRICITY H02 - GENERATION H02J - CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER
H02J13/0013 - {characterised by transmission structure between the control or monitoring unit and the controlled or monitored unit}
H02J13/00006 - {characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment}

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L2260/58 - Departure time prediction

H - ELECTRICITY H02 - GENERATION H02J - CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER
H02J3/32 - using batteries with converting means

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02E - REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
Y02E60/00 - Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
H01M10/44 - Methods for charging or discharging

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02E - REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
Y02E60/10 - Energy storage

H - ELECTRICITY H02 - GENERATION H02J - CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER
H02J7/0047 - {with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits}

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L53/63 - in response to network capacity

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02B - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
Y02B90/20 - Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies mediating in the improvement of the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector

G - PHYSICS G05 - CONTROLLING G05B - CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL
G05B13/02 - electric

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L53/51 - Photovoltaic means

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02T - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
Y02T90/16 - Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y04 - INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS Y04S - SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
Y04S30/12 - Remote or cooperative charging

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L2240/80 - Time limits

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02T - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
Y02T90/14 - Plug-in electric vehicles
Y02T90/169 - Aspects supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, e.g. recognition, authentication, identification or billing

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L53/305 - {Communication interfaces}
B60L53/16 - Connectors, e.g. plugs or sockets, specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
B60L53/68 - Off-site monitoring or control, e.g. remote control
B60L53/53 - Batteries

H - ELECTRICITY H02 - GENERATION H02J - CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER
H02J3/24 - Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
H02J13/00 - Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L53/56 - Mechanical storage means, e.g. fly wheels

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02T - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
Y02T90/168 - Remote or cooperative charging operation
Y02T90/167 - Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
Y02T10/7072 - Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L2250/12 - by confirmation, e.g. of the input
B60L53/65 - involving identification of vehicles or their battery types

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y04 - INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS Y04S - SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
Y04S10/126 - the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

H - ELECTRICITY H02 - GENERATION H02J - CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER
H02J7/0068 - {Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply

B - PERFORMING OPERATIONS B60 - VEHICLES IN GENERAL B60L - PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
B60L2210/30 - AC to DC converters
B60L55/00 - Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
B60L58/13 - Maintaining the SoC within a determined range

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02T - CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
Y02T90/12 - Electric charging stations

H - ELECTRICITY H02 - GENERATION H02J - CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER
H02J3/322 - {the battery being on-board an electric or hybrid vehicle, e.g. vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G], power aggregation, use of the battery for network load balancing, coordinated or cooperative battery charging}

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DOE Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

Resource Type:: Patent

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 25 ENERGY STORAGE

Citation Formats


                    Pratt, Richard M, Hammerstrom, Donald J, Kintner-Meyer, Michael C.W., and Tuffner, Francis K. Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency.  United States: N. p., 2013. 
        Web.

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                    Pratt, Richard M, Hammerstrom, Donald J, Kintner-Meyer, Michael C.W., & Tuffner, Francis K. Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency.  United States.

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                    Pratt, Richard M, Hammerstrom, Donald J, Kintner-Meyer, Michael C.W., and Tuffner, Francis K. Tue .  
        "Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1086683.

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@article{osti_1086683,

  title        = {Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency},

  author       = {Pratt, Richard M and Hammerstrom, Donald J and Kintner-Meyer, Michael C.W. and Tuffner, Francis K},

  abstractNote = {Disclosed herein are representative embodiments of methods, apparatus, and systems for charging and discharging an energy storage device connected to an electrical power distribution system. In one exemplary embodiment, a controller monitors electrical characteristics of an electrical power distribution system and provides an output to a bi-directional charger causing the charger to charge or discharge an energy storage device (e.g., a battery in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV)). The controller can help stabilize the electrical power distribution system by increasing the charging rate when there is excess power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid exceeds an average value), or by discharging power from the energy storage device to stabilize the grid when there is a shortage of power in the electrical power distribution system (e.g., when the frequency of an AC power grid is below an average value).},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2013},

  month        = {7}

}

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Works referenced in this record:

The status of demand response in New York
conference, January 2003

Lawrence, D.J.; Neenan, B.F.
2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting
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Statistical mechanics: a possible model for market-based electric power control
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Chassin, D. P.
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report, February 1997

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Demand side response 21^st century style
conference, January 2003

Covino, S.
2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting
https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2003.1270977

Load response and system reliability situations
conference, January 2003

Burke, R.B.; Henderson, M.I.; Platts, J.E.
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https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2003.1270978

Considerations for load as a virtual generator for grid security
conference, January 2003

Kehler, J.H.
2003 IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting
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Title: Grid regulation services for energy storage devices based on grid frequency

Abstract

Citation Formats

The status of demand response in New York conference, January 2003

Fast load shedding for angle stability control conference, January 2003

Statistical mechanics: a possible model for market-based electric power control conference, January 2004

End-use load control for power system dynamic stability enhancement report, February 1997

Demand side response 21st century style conference, January 2003

Load response and system reliability situations conference, January 2003

Considerations for load as a virtual generator for grid security conference, January 2003

The status of demand response in New York
conference, January 2003

Fast load shedding for angle stability control
conference, January 2003

Statistical mechanics: a possible model for market-based electric power control
conference, January 2004

End-use load control for power system dynamic stability enhancement
report, February 1997

Demand side response 21^st century style
conference, January 2003

Load response and system reliability situations
conference, January 2003

Considerations for load as a virtual generator for grid security
conference, January 2003