Methods for thermodynamic evaluation of battery state of health

Yazami, Rachid; McMenamin, Joseph; Reynier, Yvan; Fultz, Brent T

Title: Methods for thermodynamic evaluation of battery state of health

Abstract

Described are systems and methods for accurately characterizing thermodynamic and materials properties of electrodes and battery systems and for characterizing the state of health of electrodes and battery systems. Measurement of physical attributes of electrodes and batteries corresponding to thermodynamically stabilized electrode conditions permit determination of thermodynamic parameters, including state functions such as the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of electrode/electrochemical cell reactions, that enable prediction of important performance attributes of electrode materials and battery systems, such as energy, power density, current rate, cycle life and state of health. Also provided are systems and methods for charging a battery according to its state of health.

Inventors:: Yazami, Rachid; McMenamin, Joseph; Reynier, Yvan; Fultz, Brent T

Issue Date:: 2013-05-21

Research Org.:: California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1083971

Patent Number(s):: 8446127

Application Number:: 12/537,712

Assignee:: California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, CA); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Paris, FR)

Patent Classifications (CPCs):: H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02E - REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

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H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
H01M10/486 - {for measuring temperature}
H01M10/052 - Li-accumulators

Y - NEW / CROSS SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES Y02 - TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE Y02E - REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
Y02E60/10 - Energy storage

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
H01M10/6572 - Peltier elements or thermoelectric devices
H01M10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating condition, e.g. level or density of the electrolyte
H01M10/657 - by electric or electromagnetic means

G - PHYSICS G01 - MEASURING G01R - MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES
G01R31/392 - Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
G01R31/382 - Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC

H - ELECTRICITY H01 - BASIC ELECTRIC ELEMENTS H01M - PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
H01M10/6571 - Resistive heaters
H01M10/443 - {in response to temperature}

H - ELECTRICITY H02 - GENERATION H02J - CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER
H02J7/007 - {Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage}

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DOE Contract Number:: FG03-00ER15035; FG02-03ER15425

Resource Type:: Patent

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Yazami, Rachid, McMenamin, Joseph, Reynier, Yvan, and Fultz, Brent T. Methods for thermodynamic evaluation of battery state of health.  United States: N. p., 2013. 
        Web.

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                    Yazami, Rachid, McMenamin, Joseph, Reynier, Yvan, & Fultz, Brent T. Methods for thermodynamic evaluation of battery state of health.  United States.

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                    Yazami, Rachid, McMenamin, Joseph, Reynier, Yvan, and Fultz, Brent T. Tue .  
        "Methods for thermodynamic evaluation of battery state of health".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1083971.

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@article{osti_1083971,

  title        = {Methods for thermodynamic evaluation of battery state of health},

  author       = {Yazami, Rachid and McMenamin, Joseph and Reynier, Yvan and Fultz, Brent T},

  abstractNote = {Described are systems and methods for accurately characterizing thermodynamic and materials properties of electrodes and battery systems and for characterizing the state of health of electrodes and battery systems. Measurement of physical attributes of electrodes and batteries corresponding to thermodynamically stabilized electrode conditions permit determination of thermodynamic parameters, including state functions such as the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy of electrode/electrochemical cell reactions, that enable prediction of important performance attributes of electrode materials and battery systems, such as energy, power density, current rate, cycle life and state of health. Also provided are systems and methods for charging a battery according to its state of health.},

  doi          = {},

  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2013},

  month        = {5}

}

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Effect of Mg-doping on the structural and electronic properties of LiCoO₂: A first-principles investigation
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Shi, Siqi; Ouyang, Chuying; Lei, Minsheng
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First-principles studies of cation-doped spinel ${LiMn}_{2} O_{4}$ for lithium ion batteries
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Shi, Siqi; Wang, Ding-sheng; Meng, Sheng
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Potential and Thermodynamics of Graphite Anodes in Li-Ion Cells
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Yamaki, Jun-ichi; Egashira, Minato; Okada, Shigeto
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CoO₂, The End Member of the Li_xCoO₂ Solid Solution
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Amatucci, G. G.; Tarascon, J. M.; Klein, L. C.
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Correlating Capacity Loss of Stoichiometric and Nonstoichiometric Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinel Electrodes with Their Structural Integrity
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Huang, Haitao
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Phase behaviors of solid polymer electrolytes/salt system in lithium secondary battery by group-contribution method: The pressure effect
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Joo, Jae Ho; Bae, Young Chan; Sun, Yang Kook
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Mori, Y.; Iriyama, T.; Hashimoto, T.
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Kumagai, Naoaki
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The entropy and enthalpy of lithium intercalation into graphite
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Reynier, Y. F.; Yazami, R.; Fultz, B.
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Structural determination of Li _1−y Ni _0.5 Mn _0.5 O ₂ (y = 0.5) using a combination of Rietveld analysis and the maximum entropy method
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Kobayashi, Hironori; Arachi, Yoshinori; Kageyama, Hiroyuki
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Takahashi, Yasuhiko; Kijima, Norihito; Dokko, Kaoru
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First Principles Calculation of Electrode Material for Lithium Intercalation Batteries: TiS2 and LiTi2S4 Cubic Spinel Structures
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Benco, Ľubomı́r; Barras, Jean-Luc; Atanasov, Michail
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A First-Principles Approach to Studying the Thermal Stability of Oxide Cathode Materials
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Wang, L.; Maxisch, T.; Ceder, G.
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Thomas, Karen E.; Bogatu, Christian; Newman, John
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Ab initio study of lithium intercalation in metal oxides and metal dichalcogenides
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Aydinol, M. K.; Kohan, A. F.; Ceder, G.
Physical Review B, Vol. 56, Issue 3
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Lithium Intercalation into Layered LiMnO[sub 2]
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Vitins, G.
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Phase diagrams of lithium transition metal oxides: investigations from first principles
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Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 65, Issue 2-3, p. 245-251
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Ceder, Gerbrand; Kohan, Adrian F.; Aydinol, Mehmet K.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 81, Issue 3
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Solid-State Redox Reactions of LiCoO[sub 2] (R3m) for 4 Volt Secondary Lithium Cells
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Ohzuku, Tsutomu
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 141, Issue 11
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Zhou, Fei; Maxisch, Thomas; Ceder, Gerbrand
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Title: Methods for thermodynamic evaluation of battery state of health

Abstract

Citation Formats

Capacity fading of LixMn2O4 spinel electrodes studied by XRD and electroanalytical techniques journal, September 1999

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the Li/Li+ couple in tetrahydrofuran at low temperatures (195–295 K) journal, January 2007

Thermal Modeling of Porous Insertion Electrodes journal, January 2003

Thermodynamics and Phase Separation of Lithium Intercalation Materials Used in Lithium Ion Cells journal, January 2001

Entropy Changes Due to Structural Transformation in the Graphite Anode and Phase Change of the LiCoO[sub 2] Cathode journal, January 2000

Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Lithium Intercalation into Nb[sub 2]O[sub 5] Electrodes for a 2 V Rechargeable Lithium Battery journal, January 1999

Surface treatments of Li1+xMn2−xO4 spinels for improved elevated temperature performance journal, December 1997

Theoretical dependences of the free energyand chemical potential upon compositionin intercalation systems with repulsiveinteraction between guest ions journal, January 1998

Study of the lithium insertion–deinsertion mechanism in nanocrystalline γ-Fe2O3 electrodes by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy journal, September 2006

EELS analysis of electrochemically deintercalated Li1−xMn2O4 and substituted spinels LiMn1.6M0.4O4 (M = Co, Cr, Ni) journal, July 2001

Thermodynamic assessment of the Al–Li system journal, October 2007

Understanding the voltage profile of Li insertion into LiNi0.5−yFeyMn1.5O4 in Li cells journal, May 2004

“Diamond-like” 3-fold coordinated amorphous carbon journal, January 1980

Characterization of commercial Li-ion batteries using electrochemical–calorimetric measurements journal, April 2000

A thermodynamic, structural and kinetic study of the electrochemical lithium intercalation into the xerogel V2O5 · 1.6 H2O in a propylene journal, September 1991

Heat-Generation Rate and General Energy Balance for Insertion Battery Systems journal, January 1997

First-Principles Evidence for Stage Ordering in Li[sub x]CoO[sub 2] journal, January 1998

Neutron scattering studies of disordered carbon anode materials journal, August 2001

Role of elasticity forces in thermodynamics of intercalation compounds: Self-consistent mean-field theory and Monte Carlo simulations journal, February 2002

Lithium Insertion in Disordered Carbon−Hydrogen Alloys: Intercalation vs Covalent Binding journal, January 1996

Determination of the reversible and irreversible heats of LiNi0.8Co0.2O2/mesocarbon microbead Li-ion cell reactions using isothermal microcalorimetery journal, January 2006

Thermodynamics of spinel LixTiO2 from first principles journal, October 2005

Enhanced Low-Temperature Performance of Li–CF[sub x] Batteries journal, January 2007

Carbonization and graphitization journal, January 1984

Computer simulation of a porous positive electrode for lithium batteries journal, December 2007

Effects of the LiFePO4 content and the preparation method on the properties of (LiFePO4+AC)/Li4Ti5O12 hybrid batterycapacitors journal, January 2010

LiMO2 (M=Mn, Fe, and Co): Energetics, polymorphism and phase transformation journal, April 2005

Revisited structures of dense and dilute stage II lithium-graphite intercalation compounds journal, June 1996

First-Principles Investigation of Phase Stability in the O2-LiCoO 2 System journal, July 2003

Thermodynamic Stability and Cathode Performance of LiMn2-xMgxO4 as Cathode Active Material for the Lithium Secondary Battery journal, January 2000

Raman Spectrum of Graphite journal, August 1970

Size effects on mass transport and storage in lithium batteries journal, December 2007

Hexagonal to Cubic Spinel Transformation in Lithiated Cobalt Oxide journal, January 2004

Relationship Between Calorimetric and Structural Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells I. Thermal Analysis and Phase Diagram journal, January 2000

Determination of Standard Free Energy of Formation for Niobium Silicides by EMF Measurements journal, January 2003

Analysis of Heat Generation of Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries Used in Implantable Battery Systems for Driving Undulation Pump Ventricular Assist Device journal, July 2007

Average Voltage, Energy Density, and Specific Energy of Lithium-Ion Batteries journal, January 1997

Heats of mixing and of entropy in porous insertion electrodes journal, June 2003

A Nanocrystalline Ferric Oxide Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries journal, January 2003

Hollandite cathodes for lithium ion batteries. 2. Thermodynamic and kinetics studies of lithium insertion into BaMMn7O16 (M=Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni) journal, May 2001

Crystal structure and cathode performance dependence on oxygen content of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 as a cathode material for secondary lithium batteries journal, June 2003

Staging Phase Transitions in Li[sub x]CoO[sub 2] journal, January 2002

Isothermal calorimetry investigation of Li1+xMn2−yAlzO4 spinel journal, May 2007

Voltage prediction from Coulomb potential created by atoms of spinel LiMn2O4 cathode active material for Li ion cells journal, July 2001

On the Synthesis of Ramsdellite LiTiMO4 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe): An Experimental and Computational Study of the Spinel–Ramsdellite Transformation journal, July 2007

Thermodynamic Aspects of the Reaction of Lithium with SnP[sub 2]O[sub 7] Based Positive Electrodes journal, January 2007

Entropy measurements on Li x TiS 2 journal, July 1983

Microcalorimetric studies on lithium thionyl chloride cells: temperature effects between 25 °C and −40 °C journal, January 1992

Double-layer and pseudocapacitance types of electrochemical capacitors and their applications to the development of hybrid devices journal, September 2003

Electrochemical intercalation of lithium species into disordered carbon prepared by the heat-treatment of poly (p-phenylene) at 650°C for anode in lithium-ion battery journal, February 2000

Thermal studies of a lithium-ion battery journal, October 1997

Nanoionics journal, February 2003

Electronic Structure of Chemically-Delithiated LiCoO 2 Studied by Electron Energy-Loss Spectrometry journal, February 2002

Molecular thermodynamics approach for phase behaviors of solid polymer electrolytes/salt system in lithium secondary battery on the nonrandom mixing effect: Applicability of the group-contribution method journal, September 2006

Electrochemical-Calorimetric Studies of Lithium-Ion Cells journal, January 1998

Thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical intercalation of lithium into Li0.50WO3.25 with a hexagonal tungsten bronze structure journal, June 1997

Thermodynamics and crystal structure anomalies in lithium-intercalated graphite journal, February 2006

Lithium Manganese Oxides with Spinel Structure and Their Cathode Properties for Lithium Ion Battery journal, January 2005

Effect of the ZnNi y Mn2– y O4 (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) spinel composition on electrochemical lithium insertion journal, September 1997

Charge-Discharge Characteristics of the Mesocarbon Miocrobeads Heat-Treated at Different Temperatures journal, January 1995

Phase Diagrams for Systems with Low Free Energy Variation: A Coupled Theory/Experiments Method Applied to Li-Graphite journal, March 2008

Lithium Storage Mechanism of Disordered Mesophase Carbon Fibers Studied by [sup 7]Li-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance journal, January 2002

The Mechanisms of Lithium and Sodium Insertion in Carbon Materials journal, January 2001

Factors Influencing the Capacity Fade of Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxides journal, January 2004

Thermal Model for a Li-Ion Cell journal, January 2008

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the lithium insertion reaction in spinel phase LixMn2O4 journal, April 1995

The elevated temperature performance of the LiMn2O4/C system: failure and solutions journal, September 1999

Thermal simulation of large-scale lithium secondary batteries using a graphite–coke hybrid carbon negative electrode and LiNi0.7Co0.3O2 positive electrode journal, February 2002

Thermal study on single electrodes in lithium-ion battery journal, June 2006

In Situ Thermal Study of Li[sub 1+x][Ni[sub 1∕3]Co[sub 1∕3]Mn[sub 1∕3]][sub 1−x]O[sub 2] Using Isothermal Micro-clorimetric Techniques journal, January 2006

Transmission Electron Microscope Studies of LiNi[sub 1/3]Mn[sub 1/3]Co[sub 1/3]O[sub 2] before and after Long-Term Aging at 70°C journal, January 2008

Identity and thermodynamics of lithium intercalated in graphite journal, March 2003

Thermodynamic and kinetic approaches to lithium intercalation into a Li1−δMn2O4 electrode using Monte Carlo simulation journal, January 2001

Effect of Mg-doping on the structural and electronic properties of LiCoO2: A first-principles investigation journal, September 2007

First-principles studies of cation-doped spinel LiMn 2 O 4 for lithium ion batteries journal, March 2003

Potential and Thermodynamics of Graphite Anodes in Li-Ion Cells journal, January 2000

CoO2, The End Member of the LixCoO2 Solid Solution journal, January 1996

Capacity fading of Li_xMn₂O₄ spinel electrodes studied by XRD and electroanalytical techniques
journal, September 1999

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the Li/Li+ couple in tetrahydrofuran at low temperatures (195–295 K)
journal, January 2007

Thermal Modeling of Porous Insertion Electrodes
journal, January 2003

Thermodynamics and Phase Separation of Lithium Intercalation Materials Used in Lithium Ion Cells
journal, January 2001

Entropy Changes Due to Structural Transformation in the Graphite Anode and Phase Change of the LiCoO[sub 2] Cathode
journal, January 2000

Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Lithium Intercalation into Nb[sub 2]O[sub 5] Electrodes for a 2 V Rechargeable Lithium Battery
journal, January 1999

Surface treatments of Li_1+xMn_2−xO₄ spinels for improved elevated temperature performance
journal, December 1997

Theoretical dependences of the free energyand chemical potential upon compositionin intercalation systems with repulsiveinteraction between guest ions
journal, January 1998

Study of the lithium insertion–deinsertion mechanism in nanocrystalline γ-Fe₂O₃ electrodes by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
journal, September 2006

EELS analysis of electrochemically deintercalated Li_1−xMn₂O₄ and substituted spinels LiMn_1.6M_0.4O₄ (M = Co, Cr, Ni)
journal, July 2001

Thermodynamic assessment of the Al–Li system
journal, October 2007

Understanding the voltage profile of Li insertion into LiNi_0.5−yFe_yMn_1.5O₄ in Li cells
journal, May 2004

“Diamond-like” 3-fold coordinated amorphous carbon
journal, January 1980

Characterization of commercial Li-ion batteries using electrochemical–calorimetric measurements
journal, April 2000

A thermodynamic, structural and kinetic study of the electrochemical lithium intercalation into the xerogel V₂O₅ · 1.6 H₂O in a propylene
journal, September 1991

Heat-Generation Rate and General Energy Balance for Insertion Battery Systems
journal, January 1997

First-Principles Evidence for Stage Ordering in Li[sub x]CoO[sub 2]
journal, January 1998

Neutron scattering studies of disordered carbon anode materials
journal, August 2001

Role of elasticity forces in thermodynamics of intercalation compounds: Self-consistent mean-field theory and Monte Carlo simulations
journal, February 2002

Lithium Insertion in Disordered Carbon−Hydrogen Alloys: Intercalation vs Covalent Binding
journal, January 1996

Determination of the reversible and irreversible heats of LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂/mesocarbon microbead Li-ion cell reactions using isothermal microcalorimetery
journal, January 2006

Thermodynamics of spinel Li_xTiO₂ from first principles
journal, October 2005

Enhanced Low-Temperature Performance of Li–CF[sub x] Batteries
journal, January 2007

Carbonization and graphitization
journal, January 1984

Computer simulation of a porous positive electrode for lithium batteries
journal, December 2007

Effects of the LiFePO4 content and the preparation method on the properties of (LiFePO4+AC)/Li4Ti5O12 hybrid batterycapacitors
journal, January 2010

LiMO₂ (M=Mn, Fe, and Co): Energetics, polymorphism and phase transformation
journal, April 2005

Revisited structures of dense and dilute stage II lithium-graphite intercalation compounds
journal, June 1996

First-Principles Investigation of Phase Stability in the O2-LiCoO ₂ System
journal, July 2003

Thermodynamic Stability and Cathode Performance of LiMn_2-_xMg_xO₄ as Cathode Active Material for the Lithium Secondary Battery
journal, January 2000

Raman Spectrum of Graphite
journal, August 1970

Size effects on mass transport and storage in lithium batteries
journal, December 2007

Hexagonal to Cubic Spinel Transformation in Lithiated Cobalt Oxide
journal, January 2004

Relationship Between Calorimetric and Structural Characteristics of Lithium-Ion Cells I. Thermal Analysis and Phase Diagram
journal, January 2000

Determination of Standard Free Energy of Formation for Niobium Silicides by EMF Measurements
journal, January 2003

Analysis of Heat Generation of Lithium Ion Rechargeable Batteries Used in Implantable Battery Systems for Driving Undulation Pump Ventricular Assist Device
journal, July 2007

Average Voltage, Energy Density, and Specific Energy of Lithium-Ion Batteries
journal, January 1997

Heats of mixing and of entropy in porous insertion electrodes
journal, June 2003

A Nanocrystalline Ferric Oxide Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
journal, January 2003

Hollandite cathodes for lithium ion batteries. 2. Thermodynamic and kinetics studies of lithium insertion into BaMMn7O16 (M=Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni)
journal, May 2001

Crystal structure and cathode performance dependence on oxygen content of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 as a cathode material for secondary lithium batteries
journal, June 2003

Staging Phase Transitions in Li[sub x]CoO[sub 2]
journal, January 2002

Isothermal calorimetry investigation of Li_1+xMn_2−yAl_zO₄ spinel
journal, May 2007

Voltage prediction from Coulomb potential created by atoms of spinel LiMn₂O₄ cathode active material for Li ion cells
journal, July 2001

On the Synthesis of Ramsdellite LiTiMO4 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe): An Experimental and Computational Study of the Spinel–Ramsdellite Transformation
journal, July 2007

Thermodynamic Aspects of the Reaction of Lithium with SnP[sub 2]O[sub 7] Based Positive Electrodes
journal, January 2007

Entropy measurements on Li _x TiS ₂
journal, July 1983

Microcalorimetric studies on lithium thionyl chloride cells: temperature effects between 25 °C and −40 °C
journal, January 1992

Double-layer and pseudocapacitance types of electrochemical capacitors and their applications to the development of hybrid devices
journal, September 2003

Electrochemical intercalation of lithium species into disordered carbon prepared by the heat-treatment of poly (p-phenylene) at 650°C for anode in lithium-ion battery
journal, February 2000

Thermal studies of a lithium-ion battery
journal, October 1997

Nanoionics
journal, February 2003

Electronic Structure of Chemically-Delithiated LiCoO ₂ Studied by Electron Energy-Loss Spectrometry
journal, February 2002

Molecular thermodynamics approach for phase behaviors of solid polymer electrolytes/salt system in lithium secondary battery on the nonrandom mixing effect: Applicability of the group-contribution method
journal, September 2006

Electrochemical-Calorimetric Studies of Lithium-Ion Cells
journal, January 1998

Thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical intercalation of lithium into Li_0.50WO_3.25 with a hexagonal tungsten bronze structure
journal, June 1997

Thermodynamics and crystal structure anomalies in lithium-intercalated graphite
journal, February 2006

Lithium Manganese Oxides with Spinel Structure and Their Cathode Properties for Lithium Ion Battery
journal, January 2005

Effect of the ZnNi y Mn2– y O4 (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) spinel composition on electrochemical lithium insertion
journal, September 1997

Charge-Discharge Characteristics of the Mesocarbon Miocrobeads Heat-Treated at Different Temperatures
journal, January 1995

Phase Diagrams for Systems with Low Free Energy Variation: A Coupled Theory/Experiments Method Applied to Li-Graphite
journal, March 2008

Lithium Storage Mechanism of Disordered Mesophase Carbon Fibers Studied by [sup 7]Li-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
journal, January 2002

The Mechanisms of Lithium and Sodium Insertion in Carbon Materials
journal, January 2001

Factors Influencing the Capacity Fade of Spinel Lithium Manganese Oxides
journal, January 2004

Thermal Model for a Li-Ion Cell
journal, January 2008

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the lithium insertion reaction in spinel phase Li_xMn₂O₄
journal, April 1995

The elevated temperature performance of the LiMn₂O₄/C system: failure and solutions
journal, September 1999

Thermal simulation of large-scale lithium secondary batteries using a graphite–coke hybrid carbon negative electrode and LiNi_0.7Co_0.3O₂ positive electrode
journal, February 2002

Thermal study on single electrodes in lithium-ion battery
journal, June 2006

In Situ Thermal Study of Li[sub 1+x][Ni[sub 1∕3]Co[sub 1∕3]Mn[sub 1∕3]][sub 1−x]O[sub 2] Using Isothermal Micro-clorimetric Techniques
journal, January 2006

Transmission Electron Microscope Studies of LiNi[sub 1/3]Mn[sub 1/3]Co[sub 1/3]O[sub 2] before and after Long-Term Aging at 70°C
journal, January 2008

Identity and thermodynamics of lithium intercalated in graphite
journal, March 2003

Thermodynamic and kinetic approaches to lithium intercalation into a Li_1−δMn₂O₄ electrode using Monte Carlo simulation
journal, January 2001

Effect of Mg-doping on the structural and electronic properties of LiCoO₂: A first-principles investigation
journal, September 2007

First-principles studies of cation-doped spinel ${LiMn}_{2} O_{4}$ for lithium ion batteries
journal, March 2003

Potential and Thermodynamics of Graphite Anodes in Li-Ion Cells
journal, January 2000

CoO₂, The End Member of the Li_xCoO₂ Solid Solution
journal, January 1996

Correlating Capacity Loss of Stoichiometric and Nonstoichiometric Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinel Electrodes with Their Structural Integrity
journal, January 1999

Raman spectroscopic characterization of graphites: A re-evaluation of spectra/ structure correlation
journal, January 1993

Evolution of lithiation thermodynamics with the graphitization of carbons
journal, March 2007