Bendable Focusing X-Ray Optics for the ALS and the LCLS/FEL: Design, Metrology, and Performance
We review the recent development of bendable x-ray optics used for focusing of beams of soft and hard x-rays at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) x-ray free electron laser (FEL) at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) National Accelerator Laboratory. For simultaneous focusing in the tangential and sagittal directions, two elliptically cylindrical reflecting elements, a Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) pair, are used. Because fabrication of elliptical surfaces is complicated, the cost of directly fabricated tangential elliptical cylinders is often prohibitive. Moreover, such optics cannot be easily readjusted for use in multiple, different experimental arrangements, e.g. at different focal distances. This is in contrast to flat optics that are simpler to manufacture and easier to measure by conventional interferometry. The tangential figure of a flat substrate is changed by placing torques (couples) at each end. Depending on the applied couples, one can tune the shape close to a desired tangential cylinder, ellipse or parabola. We review the nature of the bending, requirements and approaches to the mechanical design, describe original optical and at-wavelength techniques for optimal tuning of bendable optics and alignment on the beamline, and provide beamline performance of the bendable optics used for sub-micro and nano focusing of soft x-rays.
- Research Organization:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- Advanced Light Source Division; Engineering Division; Materials Sciences Division
- DOE Contract Number:
- DE-AC02-05CH11231
- OSTI ID:
- 984308
- Report Number(s):
- LBNL-3559E-Ext-Abs; TRN: US1005259
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: EuroFEL Workshop on Photon Beamlines& Diagnostics, Hamburg, Germany, 28-30 June 2010
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
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ADVANCED LIGHT SOURCE
ALIGNMENT
BENDING
DESIGN
FABRICATION
FERMILAB ACCELERATOR
FOCUSING
FREE ELECTRON LASERS
INTERFEROMETRY
LIGHT SOURCES
LINEAR ACCELERATORS
OPTICS
PERFORMANCE
PHOTONS
SHAPE
STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CENTER
SUBSTRATES
TUNING
x-ray optics
Kirkpatrick-Baez
KB mirrors
optical metrology
long trace profiler
LTP