Longitudinal Diagnostics for Short Electron Beam Bunches

Conference · Fri Jun 11 00:00:00 EDT 2010

OSTI ID:981664

Loos, H.

Single-pass free electron lasers require high peak currents from ultra-short electron bunches to reach saturation and an accurate measurement of bunch length and longitudinal bunch profile is necessary to control the bunch compression process from low to high beam energy. The various state-of-the-art diagnostics methods from ps to fs time scales using coherent radiation detection, RF deflection, and other techniques are presented. The use of linear accelerators as drivers for free electron lasers (FEL) and the advent of single-pass (SASE) FELs has driven the development of a wide range of diagnostic techniques for measuring the length and longitudinal distribution of short and ultra-short electron bunches. For SASE FELs the radiation power and the length of the undulator needed to achieve saturation depend strongly on the charge density of the electron beam. In the case of X-ray FELs, this requires the accelerator to produce ultra-high brightness beams with micron size transverse normalized emittances and peak currents of several kA through several stages of magnetic bunch compression. Different longitudinal diagnostics are employed to measure the peak current and bunch profile along these stages. The measurement techniques can be distinguished into different classes. Coherent methods detect the light emitted from the beam by some coherent radiation process (spectroscopic measurement), or directly measure the Coulomb field traveling with the beam (electro-optic). Phase space manipulation techniques map the time coordinate onto a transverse dimension and then use conventional transverse beam diagnostics (transverse deflector, rf zero-phasing). Further methods measure the profile or duration of an incoherent light pulse emitted by the bunch at wavelengths much shorted than the bunch length (streak camera, fluctuation technique) or modulate the electron beam at an optical wavelength and then generate a narrow bandwidth radiation pulse with the longitudinal profile of the beam mapped onto (optical replicator). The operational needs for bunch length measurements to have fast acquisitions, to be used in feedback systems, to distinguish pulse to pulse changes and to be nondestructive or parasitically have resulted into developing many of the diagnostics into single-shot techniques and in the following the main discussion will emphasize them.

• Research Organization: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Science (SC)
• DOE Contract Number: AC02-76SF00515
• OSTI ID: 981664
• Report Number(s): SLAC-PUB-14120; TRN: US1003840
• Resource Relation: Conference: Invited talk at Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC 09), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 4-8 May 2009
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
ACCELERATORS
BRIGHTNESS
CHARGE DENSITY
COHERENT RADIATION
COMPRESSION
COULOMB FIELD
DETECTION
DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES
DIMENSIONS
ELECTRON BEAMS
ELECTRONS
FLUCTUATIONS
FREE ELECTRON LASERS
LINEAR ACCELERATORS
PHASE SPACE
RADIATIONS
SATURATION
WAVELENGTHS
WIGGLER MAGNETS
Accelerators
Instrumentation
ACCPHY
INST
XFEL