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Title: Highly efficient blue organic light emitting device using indium-free transparent anode Ga:ZnO with scalability for large area coating

Abstract

The availability of economically-produced and environmentally-stable transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coatings is critical for the development of a variety of electronic devices requiring transparent electrodes. Such devices include liquid crystal display pixels and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs),[1, 2] solar cell applications,[3, 4] and electrically heated windows.[5, 6] The materials fulfilling these requirements are usually wide band gap inorganic transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). Tin-doped indium oxide, or ITO, has traditionally been used for electronic TCO applications because of its low resistivity, high work function and transparency. Due to the increasing cost and limited supply of indium and its tendency to migrate in to the device, there has been increasing research interest to substitute ITO with an indium-free material. A number of alternative metal oxides and doped oxides have been evaluated as TCO materials with varying degrees of success.[7, 8] Among these alternatives to ITO, gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) [2, 9] and aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) [10, 11] have drawn particular attention. These materials have been demonstrated to have resistivities and transparencies approaching those of the best ITO, low toxicity, and much lower materials cost. Although AZO is attractive as a TCO electrode material, GZO features a greater resistance to oxidationmore » as a result of gallium’s greater electronegativity compared to Submitted to 2 aluminum.[12, 13« less

Authors:
 [1]; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
  1. Frank
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
978957
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA-66289
Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979; JAPIAU; 830403000; TRN: US201010%%302
DOE Contract Number:  
AC05-76RL01830
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Journal of Applied Physics, 107(4):043103
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 107; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
14 SOLAR ENERGY; ALUMINIUM; ANODES; AVAILABILITY; COATINGS; ELECTRODES; ELECTRONEGATIVITY; INDIUM; INDIUM OXIDES; LIGHT EMITTING DIODES; LIQUID CRYSTALS; OXIDATION; OXIDES; SOLAR CELLS; TOXICITY; WINDOWS; WORK FUNCTIONS; ZINC OXIDES; blue OLED, Transparent Conductive Oxide, Ga doped ZnO, Firpic, Sputtering

Citation Formats

Wang, Liang, Matson, Dean W, Polikarpov, Evgueni, Swensen, James S, Bonham, Charles C, Cosimbescu, Lelia, Berry, J J, Ginley, D S, Gaspar, Daniel J, and Padmaperuma, Asanga B. Highly efficient blue organic light emitting device using indium-free transparent anode Ga:ZnO with scalability for large area coating. United States: N. p., 2010. Web. doi:10.1063/1.3282526.
Wang, Liang, Matson, Dean W, Polikarpov, Evgueni, Swensen, James S, Bonham, Charles C, Cosimbescu, Lelia, Berry, J J, Ginley, D S, Gaspar, Daniel J, & Padmaperuma, Asanga B. Highly efficient blue organic light emitting device using indium-free transparent anode Ga:ZnO with scalability for large area coating. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3282526
Wang, Liang, Matson, Dean W, Polikarpov, Evgueni, Swensen, James S, Bonham, Charles C, Cosimbescu, Lelia, Berry, J J, Ginley, D S, Gaspar, Daniel J, and Padmaperuma, Asanga B. 2010. "Highly efficient blue organic light emitting device using indium-free transparent anode Ga:ZnO with scalability for large area coating". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3282526.
@article{osti_978957,
title = {Highly efficient blue organic light emitting device using indium-free transparent anode Ga:ZnO with scalability for large area coating},
author = {Wang, Liang and Matson, Dean W and Polikarpov, Evgueni and Swensen, James S and Bonham, Charles C and Cosimbescu, Lelia and Berry, J J and Ginley, D S and Gaspar, Daniel J and Padmaperuma, Asanga B},
abstractNote = {The availability of economically-produced and environmentally-stable transparent conductive oxide (TCO) coatings is critical for the development of a variety of electronic devices requiring transparent electrodes. Such devices include liquid crystal display pixels and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs),[1, 2] solar cell applications,[3, 4] and electrically heated windows.[5, 6] The materials fulfilling these requirements are usually wide band gap inorganic transparent conductive oxides (TCOs). Tin-doped indium oxide, or ITO, has traditionally been used for electronic TCO applications because of its low resistivity, high work function and transparency. Due to the increasing cost and limited supply of indium and its tendency to migrate in to the device, there has been increasing research interest to substitute ITO with an indium-free material. A number of alternative metal oxides and doped oxides have been evaluated as TCO materials with varying degrees of success.[7, 8] Among these alternatives to ITO, gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) [2, 9] and aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) [10, 11] have drawn particular attention. These materials have been demonstrated to have resistivities and transparencies approaching those of the best ITO, low toxicity, and much lower materials cost. Although AZO is attractive as a TCO electrode material, GZO features a greater resistance to oxidation as a result of gallium’s greater electronegativity compared to Submitted to 2 aluminum.[12, 13},
doi = {10.1063/1.3282526},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/978957}, journal = {Journal of Applied Physics, 107(4):043103},
issn = {0021-8979},
number = 4,
volume = 107,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2010},
month = {Mon Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2010}
}