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Title: Sequestration of radionuclides and heavy metals by hydroxyapatite doped with Fe, Cu and Sn.

Abstract

Apatite, Ca{sub 5}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}(F,OH,Cl)(P6{sub 3}/m, Z=2), is the most abundant phosphate mineral on Earth. The end-member hydroxyapatite, Ca{sub 5}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}OH(P2{sub 1}/b), is the primary mineral component in bones and teeth and tends to scavenge and sequester heavy metals in the human body. Hydroxyapatite has also been shown to be effective at sequestering radionuclides and heavy metals in certain natural systems (Dybowska et al., 2004). Hydroxyapatite has been the focus of many laboratory studies and is utilized for environmental remediation of contaminated sites (Moore et al., 2002). The crystal structure of apatite tolerates a great deal of distortion caused by extensive chemical substitutions. Metal cations (e.g. REE, actinides, K, Na, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb, Cd, Fe) substitute for Ca, and oxyanions (e.g. AsO{sub 4}{sup 3-}, SO{sub 4}{sup 2-}, CO{sub 3}{sup 2-}, SiO{sub 4}{sup 4-}, CrO{sub 4}{sup 2-}) replace PO{sub 4}{sup 3-} through a series of coupled substitutions that preserve electroneutrality. Owing to the ability of apatite to incorporate 'impurities'(including actinides) gives rise to its proposed use as a waste form for radionuclides. Recent work at Sandia National Laboratory demonstrated that hydroxyapatite has a strong affinity for U, Pu, Np, Sr and Tc reduced from pertechnetatemore » (TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) by SnCl{sub 2} (Moore et al., 2002). Based on these earlier promising results, an investigation was initiated into the use of apatite-type materials doped with aliovalent cations including Fe, Cu and Sn as Tc-scavengers. Synthetic Fe and Cu-doped hydroxyapatite samples were prepared by precipitation of Ca, from Ca-acetate, and P, from ammonium phosphate. The Fe and Cu were introduced as chlorides into the Ca-acetate solution. Stannous chloride was used as a reducing agent and was apparently incorporated into the crystal structures of the hydroxyapatite samples in small, as yet undetermined quantities.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), Albuquerque, NM, and Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
970288
Report Number(s):
SAND2005-2667C
TRN: US1001011
DOE Contract Number:  
AC04-94AL85000
Resource Type:
Conference
Resource Relation:
Conference: Proposed for presentation at the Goldschmidt Conference held May 20-25, 2005 in Moscow, ID.
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES, AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; ACTINIDES; AFFINITY; AMMONIUM PHOSPHATES; APATITES; CATIONS; CHLORIDES; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; HEAVY METALS; PERTECHNETATES; PHOSPHATE MINERALS; PRECIPITATION; RADIOISOTOPES; REDUCING AGENTS; WASTE FORMS

Citation Formats

Neidel, Linnah L, Moore, Robert Charles, Salas, Fred, Grouios, Fotini, Holt, Kathleen Caroline, and Helean, Katheryn B. Sequestration of radionuclides and heavy metals by hydroxyapatite doped with Fe, Cu and Sn.. United States: N. p., 2005. Web.
Neidel, Linnah L, Moore, Robert Charles, Salas, Fred, Grouios, Fotini, Holt, Kathleen Caroline, & Helean, Katheryn B. Sequestration of radionuclides and heavy metals by hydroxyapatite doped with Fe, Cu and Sn.. United States.
Neidel, Linnah L, Moore, Robert Charles, Salas, Fred, Grouios, Fotini, Holt, Kathleen Caroline, and Helean, Katheryn B. 2005. "Sequestration of radionuclides and heavy metals by hydroxyapatite doped with Fe, Cu and Sn.". United States.
@article{osti_970288,
title = {Sequestration of radionuclides and heavy metals by hydroxyapatite doped with Fe, Cu and Sn.},
author = {Neidel, Linnah L and Moore, Robert Charles and Salas, Fred and Grouios, Fotini and Holt, Kathleen Caroline and Helean, Katheryn B},
abstractNote = {Apatite, Ca{sub 5}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}(F,OH,Cl)(P6{sub 3}/m, Z=2), is the most abundant phosphate mineral on Earth. The end-member hydroxyapatite, Ca{sub 5}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}OH(P2{sub 1}/b), is the primary mineral component in bones and teeth and tends to scavenge and sequester heavy metals in the human body. Hydroxyapatite has also been shown to be effective at sequestering radionuclides and heavy metals in certain natural systems (Dybowska et al., 2004). Hydroxyapatite has been the focus of many laboratory studies and is utilized for environmental remediation of contaminated sites (Moore et al., 2002). The crystal structure of apatite tolerates a great deal of distortion caused by extensive chemical substitutions. Metal cations (e.g. REE, actinides, K, Na, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Sr, Ba, Pb, Cd, Fe) substitute for Ca, and oxyanions (e.g. AsO{sub 4}{sup 3-}, SO{sub 4}{sup 2-}, CO{sub 3}{sup 2-}, SiO{sub 4}{sup 4-}, CrO{sub 4}{sup 2-}) replace PO{sub 4}{sup 3-} through a series of coupled substitutions that preserve electroneutrality. Owing to the ability of apatite to incorporate 'impurities'(including actinides) gives rise to its proposed use as a waste form for radionuclides. Recent work at Sandia National Laboratory demonstrated that hydroxyapatite has a strong affinity for U, Pu, Np, Sr and Tc reduced from pertechnetate (TcO{sub 4}{sup -}) by SnCl{sub 2} (Moore et al., 2002). Based on these earlier promising results, an investigation was initiated into the use of apatite-type materials doped with aliovalent cations including Fe, Cu and Sn as Tc-scavengers. Synthetic Fe and Cu-doped hydroxyapatite samples were prepared by precipitation of Ca, from Ca-acetate, and P, from ammonium phosphate. The Fe and Cu were introduced as chlorides into the Ca-acetate solution. Stannous chloride was used as a reducing agent and was apparently incorporated into the crystal structures of the hydroxyapatite samples in small, as yet undetermined quantities.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/970288}, journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 EST 2005},
month = {Fri Apr 01 00:00:00 EST 2005}
}

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