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Title: Wall pressure exerted by hydrogenation of sodium aluminum hydride.

Abstract

Wall pressure exerted by the bulk expansion of a sodium aluminum hydride bed was measured as a function of hydrogen content. A custom apparatus was designed and loaded with sodium alanates at densities of 1.0, 1.1, and 1.16 g/cc. Four complete cycles were performed to identify variations in measured pressure. Results indicated poor correlation between exerted pressure and hydrogen capacity of the sodium alanate beds. Mechanical pressure due to the hydrogenation of sodium alanates does not influence full-scale system designs as it falls within common design factors of safety. Gas pressure gradients within the porous solid were identified and may limit reaction rates, especially for high aspect ratio beds.

Authors:
; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Laboratories
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
959082
Report Number(s):
SAND2009-3812
TRN: US201016%%550
DOE Contract Number:
AC04-94AL85000
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
08 HYDROGEN; ASPECT RATIO; CAPACITY; DESIGN; HYDROGEN; HYDROGENATION; PRESSURE GRADIENTS; REACTION KINETICS; SAFETY; SODIUM; ALUMINIUM HYDRIDES; Intermetallic compounds-Hydrogen content.; Hydrogen.; Hydrogenation.

Citation Formats

Perras, Yon E., Dedrick, Daniel E., and Zimmerman, Mark D. Wall pressure exerted by hydrogenation of sodium aluminum hydride.. United States: N. p., 2009. Web. doi:10.2172/959082.
Perras, Yon E., Dedrick, Daniel E., & Zimmerman, Mark D. Wall pressure exerted by hydrogenation of sodium aluminum hydride.. United States. doi:10.2172/959082.
Perras, Yon E., Dedrick, Daniel E., and Zimmerman, Mark D. Mon . "Wall pressure exerted by hydrogenation of sodium aluminum hydride.". United States. doi:10.2172/959082. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/959082.
@article{osti_959082,
title = {Wall pressure exerted by hydrogenation of sodium aluminum hydride.},
author = {Perras, Yon E. and Dedrick, Daniel E. and Zimmerman, Mark D.},
abstractNote = {Wall pressure exerted by the bulk expansion of a sodium aluminum hydride bed was measured as a function of hydrogen content. A custom apparatus was designed and loaded with sodium alanates at densities of 1.0, 1.1, and 1.16 g/cc. Four complete cycles were performed to identify variations in measured pressure. Results indicated poor correlation between exerted pressure and hydrogen capacity of the sodium alanate beds. Mechanical pressure due to the hydrogenation of sodium alanates does not influence full-scale system designs as it falls within common design factors of safety. Gas pressure gradients within the porous solid were identified and may limit reaction rates, especially for high aspect ratio beds.},
doi = {10.2172/959082},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2009},
month = {Mon Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2009}
}

Technical Report:

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  • Sodium aluminum hydride, NaAlH{sub 4}, has been studied for use as a hydrogen storage material. The effect of Ti, as a few mol. % dopant in the system to increase kinetics of hydrogen sorption, is studied with respect to changes in lattice structure of the crystal. No Ti substitution is found in the crystal lattice. Electronic structure calculations indicate that the NaAlH{sub 4} and Na{sub 3}AlH{sub 6} structures are complex-ionic hydrides with Na{sup +} cations and AlH{sub 4}{sup -} and AlH{sub 6}{sup 3-} anions, respectively. Compound formation studies indicate the primary Ti-compound formed when doping the material at 33 at.more » % is TiAl{sub 3} , and likely Ti-Al compounds at lower doping rates. A general study of sorption kinetics of NaAlH{sub 4}, when doped with a variety of Ti-halide compounds, indicates a uniform response with the kinetics similar for all dopants. NMR multiple quantum studies of solution-doped samples indicate solvent interaction with the doped alanate. Raman spectroscopy was used to study the lattice dynamics of NaAlH{sub 4}, and illustrated the molecular ionic nature of the lattice as a separation of vibrational modes between the AlH{sub 4}{sup -} anion-modes and lattice-modes. In-situ Raman measurements indicate a stable AlH{sub 4}{sup -} anion that is stable at the melting temperature of NaAlH{sub 4}, indicating that Ti-dopants must affect the Al-H bond strength.« less
  • Energy distributions of neutrons scattered from various moderators and from several hydrogenous substances were measured at energy transfers of 0.02 to 0.24 ev. Results from experiments on graphite, light and heavy water, ice, ZrH, LiH, NaH, and NH 4Cl are included. It is noted that the results are of a preliminary character; however, they are probably the most accurate measurements of high-energy transfers yet made. (J.R.D.)
  • Sodium hydride dissolves in and reacts with molten NaOH to give an equilibrium mixture of NaH, NaOH, Na/sub 2/O, Na, and H. In the case where there is a gaseous phase (hydrogen) and only one condensed phase, the system is defined by the temperature, pressure, and one composition variable. The equilibriu, H/ sub 2/ pressure, which is a measure of the H/sub 2/ activity within the melt, was determined as a function of the composition of the condensed phase(s) at 600, 700, and 500 deg for equilibrium mixtures with original compositions of 2.5 to 97.5, 5.0 to 95.0, l0.0 tomore » 90.0, and 20.0 to 50.0 mole% NaH-NaOH. The equilibrium H/sub 2/ pressure-composition isotherms obtained by removing measured increments of H/sub 2/ were reproduced by reabsorbing H/sub 2/. Results for the 5.0 mole % NaH mixture were duplicated by starting with an equivalent quantity of either Na in NaOH or Na/sub 2/O in NaOH, and reacting with measured increments of H/sub 2/. The system is discussed in relation to the interdependent reactions involved, the phase rule, the thermodynamics of certain reactions, and experimental techniques employed. (auth)« less