Autothermal reforming of natural gas to synthesis gas:reference: KBR paper #2031.
Abstract
This Project Final Report serves to document the project structure and technical results achieved during the 3-year project titled Advanced Autothermal Reformer for US Dept of Energy Office of Industrial Technology. The project was initiated in December 2001 and was completed March 2005. It was a joint effort between Sandia National Laboratories (Livermore, CA), Kellogg Brown & Root LLC (KBR) (Houston, TX) and Sued-Chemie (Louisville, KY). The purpose of the project was to develop an experimental capability that could be used to examine the propensity for soot production in an Autothermal Reformer (ATR) during the production of hydrogen-carbon monoxide synthesis gas intended for Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) applications including ammonia, methanol, and higher hydrocarbons. The project consisted of an initial phase that was focused on developing a laboratory-scale ATR capable of reproducing conditions very similar to a plant scale unit. Due to budget constraints this effort was stopped at the advanced design stages, yielding a careful and detailed design for such a system including ATR vessel design, design of ancillary feed and let down units as well as a PI&D for laboratory installation. The experimental effort was then focused on a series of measurements to evaluate rich, high-pressure burner behavior at pressuresmore »
- Authors:
- (KBR, Houston, TX)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Laboratories
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 912649
- Report Number(s):
- SAND2007-2331
TRN: US200801%%1129
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000
- Resource Type:
- Technical Report
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 03 NATURAL GAS; 10 SYNTHETIC FUELS; AMMONIA; ATTENUATION; BURNERS; CARBON; CHEMISTRY; DESIGN; FLOW RATE; HYDROCARBONS; LASERS; METHANOL; NATURAL GAS; OXIDATION; SOOT; STABILITY; STEAM; STOICHIOMETRY; SYNTHESIS; SYNTHESIS GAS; Synthesis gas.; Soot
Citation Formats
Mann, David, and Rice, Steven, D. Autothermal reforming of natural gas to synthesis gas:reference: KBR paper #2031.. United States: N. p., 2007.
Web. doi:10.2172/912649.
Mann, David, & Rice, Steven, D. Autothermal reforming of natural gas to synthesis gas:reference: KBR paper #2031.. United States. doi:10.2172/912649.
Mann, David, and Rice, Steven, D. Sun .
"Autothermal reforming of natural gas to synthesis gas:reference: KBR paper #2031.". United States.
doi:10.2172/912649. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/912649.
@article{osti_912649,
title = {Autothermal reforming of natural gas to synthesis gas:reference: KBR paper #2031.},
author = {Mann, David and Rice, Steven, D.},
abstractNote = {This Project Final Report serves to document the project structure and technical results achieved during the 3-year project titled Advanced Autothermal Reformer for US Dept of Energy Office of Industrial Technology. The project was initiated in December 2001 and was completed March 2005. It was a joint effort between Sandia National Laboratories (Livermore, CA), Kellogg Brown & Root LLC (KBR) (Houston, TX) and Sued-Chemie (Louisville, KY). The purpose of the project was to develop an experimental capability that could be used to examine the propensity for soot production in an Autothermal Reformer (ATR) during the production of hydrogen-carbon monoxide synthesis gas intended for Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) applications including ammonia, methanol, and higher hydrocarbons. The project consisted of an initial phase that was focused on developing a laboratory-scale ATR capable of reproducing conditions very similar to a plant scale unit. Due to budget constraints this effort was stopped at the advanced design stages, yielding a careful and detailed design for such a system including ATR vessel design, design of ancillary feed and let down units as well as a PI&D for laboratory installation. The experimental effort was then focused on a series of measurements to evaluate rich, high-pressure burner behavior at pressures as high as 500 psi. The soot formation measurements were based on laser attenuation at a view port downstream of the burner. The results of these experiments and accompanying calculations show that soot formation is primarily dependent on oxidation stoichiometry. However, steam to carbon ratio was found to impact soot production as well as burner stability. The data also showed that raising the operating pressure while holding mass flow rates constant results in considerable soot formation at desirable feed ratios. Elementary reaction modeling designed to illuminate the role of CO{sub 2} in the burner feed showed that the conditions in the burner allow for the direct participation of CO{sub 2} in the oxidation chemistry.},
doi = {10.2172/912649},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2007},
month = {Sun Apr 01 00:00:00 EDT 2007}
}
-
This Project Final Report serves to document the project structure and technical results achieved during the 3-year project titled Advanced Autothermal Reformer for US Dept of Energy Office of Industrial Technology. The project was initiated in December 2001 and was completed March 2005. It was a joint effort between Sandia National Laboratories (Livermore, CA), Kellogg Brown & Root LLC (KBR) (Houston, TX) and Süd-Chemie (Louisville, KY). The purpose of the project was to develop an experimental capability that could be used to examine the propensity for soot production in an Autothermal Reformer (ATR) during the production of hydrogen-carbon monoxide synthesismore »
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Conversion of hydrocarbons for fuel-cell applications. Part I. Autothermal reforming of sulfur-free and sulfur-containing hydrocarbon liquids. Part II. Steam reforming of n-hexane on pellet and monolithic catalyst beds. Final report
Experimental autothermal reforming (ATR) results obtained in the previous phase of this work with sulfur-free pure hydrocarbon liquids are summarized. Catalyst types and configuration used were the same as in earlier tests with No. 2 fuel oil to facilitate comparisons. Fuel oil has been found to form carbon in ATR at conditions much milder than those predicted by equilibrium. Reactive differences between paraffins and aromatics in ATR, and thus the formation of different carbon precursors, have been shown to be responsible for the observed carbon formation characteristics (fuel-specific). From tests with both light and heavy paraffins and aromatics, it ismore » -
Hydrocarbon reforming for hydrogen fuel cells: a study of carbon formation on autothermal reforming catalysts. Final report
The mechanism of carbon formation on nickel autothermal steam reforming catalysts has been studied by temperature-programming, thermogravimetric and electron microscopic techniques. Temperature-programmed surface reaction (TPSR) studies of carbon deposited on nickel reforming catalysts by the decomposition of C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ and C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ exhibit seven forms of carbon that are distinguished by their characteristic reactivity with H/sub 2/ and 3.0-vol % H/sub 2/O/He. The relative population of the different carbon states depends primarily on the temperature during deposition. C/sub 2/H/sub 2/ exposure populates the same carbon states as C/sub 2/H/sub 4/ exposure but at approximately 100/sup 0/K lower depositionmore » -
Autothermal Reforming of No. 2 Fuel Oil. Final report
The fuel cell systems that are being considered for use as dispersed generators by electric utilities are, at present, limited to the use of clean light hydrocarbon fuels such as naphtha and natural gas. This report presents the results of research on a fuel processing concept, termed Autothermal Reforming, or ATR, which may expand the useful fuel range to include middle distillate fuels derived from petroleum or coal. Experiments were conducted with a 4-in.-dia by 15-in.-long catalytic reactor (nickel catalyst) to produce a hydrogen-rich gas from No. 2 Fuel Oil and steam-air mixtures, at essentially atmospheric pressure. The hydrogen yieldmore » -
Autothermal reforming of sulfur-free and sulfur-containing hydrocarbon liquids
The mechanisms by which various fuel component hydrocarbons related to both heavy petroleum and coal-derived liquids are converted to hydrogen without forming carbon were investigated. Reactive differences between paraffins and aromatics in autothermal reforming (ATR) were shown to be responsible for the observed fuel-specific carbon formation characteristics. The types of carbon formed in the reformer were identified by SEM and XRD analyses of catalyst samples and carbon deposits. From tests with both light and heavy paraffins and aromatics, it is concluded that high boiling point hydrocarbons and polynuclear aromatics enhance the propensity for carbon formation. The effects of propylene additionmore »