Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions

Lee, James Weifu; Li, Rongfu

Title: Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions

Abstract

Industrial combustion facilities are integrated with greenhouse gas-solidifying fertilizer production reactions so that CO.sub.2, CO, NO.sub.x, and SO.sub.x emissions can be converted prior to emission into carbonate-containing fertilizers, mainly NH.sub.4 HCO.sub.3 and/or (NH.sub.2).sub.2 CO, plus a small fraction of NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 and (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4. The invention enhances sequestration of CO.sub.2 into soil and the earth subsurface, reduces N0.sub.3.sup.- contamination of surface and groundwater, and stimulates photosynthetic fixation of CO.sub.2 from the atmosphere. The method for converting CO.sub.2, CO, NO.sub.x, and SO.sub.x emissions into fertilizers includes the step of collecting these materials from the emissions of industrial combustion facilities such as fossil fuel-powered energy sources and transporting the emissions to a reactor. In the reactor, the CO.sub.2, CO, N.sub.2, SO.sub.x, and/or NO.sub.x are converted into carbonate-containing fertilizers using H.sub.2, CH.sub.4, or NH.sub.3. The carbonate-containing fertilizers are then applied to soil and green plants to (1) sequester inorganic carbon into soil and subsoil earth layers by enhanced carbonation of groundwater and the earth minerals, (2) reduce the environmental problem of NO.sub.3.sup.- runoff by substituting for ammonium nitrate fertilizer, and (3) stimulate photosynthetic fixation of CO.sub.2 from the atmosphere by the fertilization effect of the carbonate-containing fertilizers.

Inventors:

Lee, James Weifu ^[1]; Li, Rongfu ^[2]

Oak Ridge, TN
Zhejiang, CH

Publication Date:: Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2002

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

OSTI Identifier:: 874712

Patent Number(s):: US 6447437

Assignee:: UT-Battelle, LLC (Oak Ridge, TN)

DOE Contract Number:: AC05-96OR22464

Resource Type:: Patent

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: method; reducing; co2; nox; sox; emissions; industrial; combustion; facilities; integrated; greenhouse; gas-solidifying; fertilizer; production; reactions; cosub2; nosubx; sosubx; converted; prior; emission; carbonate-containing; fertilizers; mainly; nhsub4; hcosub3; andor; nhsub2sub2; plus; fraction; nosub3; nhsub4sub2; sosub4; enhances; sequestration; soil; earth; subsurface; reduces; n0sub3sup-; contamination; surface; groundwater; stimulates; photosynthetic; fixation; atmosphere; converting; step; collecting; materials; fossil; fuel-powered; energy; sources; transporting; reactor; nsub2; hsub2; chsub4; nhsub3; applied; green; plants; sequester; inorganic; carbon; subsoil; layers; enhanced; carbonation; minerals; reduce; environmental; nosub3sup-; runoff; substituting; ammonium; nitrate; stimulate; fertilization; effect; energy source; fossil fuel; /588/71/405/423/

Citation Formats


                    Lee, James Weifu, and Li, Rongfu. Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions.  United States: N. p., 2002. 
        Web.

Copy to clipboard


                    Lee, James Weifu, & Li, Rongfu. Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions.  United States.

Copy to clipboard


                    Lee, James Weifu, and Li, Rongfu. 2002.  
        "Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions".  United States.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/874712.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_874712,

  title        = {Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions},

  author       = {Lee, James Weifu and Li, Rongfu},

  abstractNote = {Industrial combustion facilities are integrated with greenhouse gas-solidifying fertilizer production reactions so that CO.sub.2, CO, NO.sub.x, and SO.sub.x emissions can be converted prior to emission into carbonate-containing fertilizers, mainly NH.sub.4 HCO.sub.3 and/or (NH.sub.2).sub.2 CO, plus a small fraction of NH.sub.4 NO.sub.3 and (NH.sub.4).sub.2 SO.sub.4. The invention enhances sequestration of CO.sub.2 into soil and the earth subsurface, reduces N0.sub.3.sup.- contamination of surface and groundwater, and stimulates photosynthetic fixation of CO.sub.2 from the atmosphere. The method for converting CO.sub.2, CO, NO.sub.x, and SO.sub.x emissions into fertilizers includes the step of collecting these materials from the emissions of industrial combustion facilities such as fossil fuel-powered energy sources and transporting the emissions to a reactor. In the reactor, the CO.sub.2, CO, N.sub.2, SO.sub.x, and/or NO.sub.x are converted into carbonate-containing fertilizers using H.sub.2, CH.sub.4, or NH.sub.3. The carbonate-containing fertilizers are then applied to soil and green plants to (1) sequester inorganic carbon into soil and subsoil earth layers by enhanced carbonation of groundwater and the earth minerals, (2) reduce the environmental problem of NO.sub.3.sup.- runoff by substituting for ammonium nitrate fertilizer, and (3) stimulate photosynthetic fixation of CO.sub.2 from the atmosphere by the fertilization effect of the carbonate-containing fertilizers.},

  doi          = {},

  url          = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/874712},
  journal      = {},
number       = ,

  volume       = ,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2002},

  month        = {Tue Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2002}

}

Copy to clipboard

Patent:

View Patent

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Works referenced in this record:

Two-bed catalytic system for NOx/SOx removal
journal, June 1998

Blanco, Jesús; Bahamonde, Ana; Alvarez, Esperanza
Catalysis Today, Vol. 42, Issue 1-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-5861(98)00079-0

Molecular Ionic Probes: A New Class of Hill Reagents and Their Potential for Nanofabrication and Biometallocatalysis
journal, March 1998

Lee, James W.; Collins, Robert T.; Greenbaum, Elias
The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 102, Issue 11
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp973058h

Bioelectronics and biometallocatalysis for production of fuels and chemicals by photosynthetic water splitting
journal, September 1995

Lee, James Weifu; Greenbaum, Elias
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vol. 51-52, Issue 1
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02933433

Photosynthetic Water Splitting: In situ Photoprecipitation of Metallocatalysts for Photoevolution of Hydrogen and Oxygen
journal, May 1994

Lee, James W.; Tevault, Carol V.; Blankinship, Steve L.
Energy & Fuels, Vol. 8, Issue 3
https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00045a034

Similar records in OSTI.GOV collections:

Plasma regenerated particulate trap and NO.sub.x reduction system

Patent Penetrante, Bernardino; Vogtlin, George; Merritt, Bernard; ...

A non-catalytic two-stage process for removal of NO.sub.x and particulates from engine exhaust comprises a first stage that plasma converts NO to NO.sub.2 in the presence of O.sub.2 and hydrocarbons, and a second stage, which preferably occurs simultaneously with the first stage, that converts NO.sub.2 and carbon soot particles to respective environmentally benign gases that include N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2. By preconverting NO to NO.sub.2 in the first stage, the efficiency of the second stage for NO.sub.x reduction is enhanced while carbon soot from trapped particulates is simultaneously converted to CO.sub.2 when reacting with the NO.sub.2 (that converts to N.sub.2). Formore »« less
Full Text Available
Plasma-assisted catalytic storage reduction system

Patent Penetrante, Bernardino; Vogtlin, George; Merritt, Bernard; ...

A two-stage method for NO.sub.x reduction in an oxygen-rich engine exhaust comprises a plasma oxidative stage and a storage reduction stage. The first stage employs a non-thermal plasma treatment of NO.sub.x gases in an oxygen-rich exhaust and is intended to convert NO to NO.sub.2 in the presence of O.sub.2 and hydrocarbons. The second stage employs a lean NO.sub.x trap to convert such NO.sub.2 to environmentally benign gases that include N.sub.2, CO.sub.2, and H.sub.2 O. By preconverting NO to NO.sub.2 in the first stage with a plasma, the efficiency of the second stage for NO.sub.x reduction is enhanced. For example, anmore »« less
Full Text Available
Plasma-assisted catalytic storage reduction system

Patent Penetrante, Bernardino; Vogtlin, George; Merritt, Bernard; ...

A two-stage method for NO.sub.x reduction in an oxygen-rich engine exhaust comprises a plasma oxidative stage and a storage reduction stage. The first stage employs a non-thermal plasma treatment of NO.sub.x gases in an oxygen-rich exhaust and is intended to convert NO to NO.sub.2 in the presence of O.sub.2 and hydrocarbons. The second stage employs a lean NO.sub.x trap to convert such NO.sub.2 to environmentally benign gases that include N.sub.2, CO.sub.2, and H.sub.2 O. By preconverting NO to NO.sub.2 in the first stage with a plasma, the efficiency of the second stage for NO.sub.x reduction is enhanced. For example, anmore »« less
Full Text Available
Highly-basic large-pore zeolite catalysts for NOx reduction at low temperatures

Patent Penetrante, Bernardino; Brusasco, Raymond; Merritt, Bernard; ...

A high-surface-area (greater than 600 m2/g), large-pore (pore size diameter greater than 6.5 angstroms), basic zeolite having a structure such as an alkali metal cation-exchanged Y-zeolite is employed to convert NO.sub.x contained in an oxygen-rich engine exhaust to N.sub.2 and O.sub.2. Preferably, the invention relates to a two-stage method and apparatus for NO.sub.x reduction in an oxygen-rich engine exhaust such as diesel engine exhaust that includes a plasma oxidative stage and a selective reduction stage. The first stage employs a non-thermal plasma treatment of NO.sub.x gases in an oxygen-rich exhaust and is intended to convert NO to NO.sub.2 in themore »« less
Full Text Available
Integrated capture of fossil fuel gas pollutants including CO.sub.2 with energy recovery

Patent Ochs, Thomas; Summers, Cathy; Gerdemann, Steve; ...

A method of reducing pollutants exhausted into the atmosphere from the combustion of fossil fuels. The disclosed process removes nitrogen from air for combustion, separates the solid combustion products from the gases and vapors and can capture the entire vapor/gas stream for sequestration leaving near-zero emissions. The invention produces up to three captured material streams. The first stream is contaminant-laden water containing SO.sub.x, residual NO.sub.x particulates and particulate-bound Hg and other trace contaminants. The second stream can be a low-volume flue gas stream containing N.sub.2 and O.sub.2 if CO2 purification is needed. The final product stream is a mixture comprisingmore »« less
Full Text Available

Similar Records

Title: Method for reducing CO2, CO, NOX, and SOx emissions

Abstract

Citation Formats

Two-bed catalytic system for NOx/SOx removal journal, June 1998

Molecular Ionic Probes: A New Class of Hill Reagents and Their Potential for Nanofabrication and Biometallocatalysis journal, March 1998

Bioelectronics and biometallocatalysis for production of fuels and chemicals by photosynthetic water splitting journal, September 1995

Photosynthetic Water Splitting: In situ Photoprecipitation of Metallocatalysts for Photoevolution of Hydrogen and Oxygen journal, May 1994

Two-bed catalytic system for NOx/SOx removal
journal, June 1998

Molecular Ionic Probes: A New Class of Hill Reagents and Their Potential for Nanofabrication and Biometallocatalysis
journal, March 1998

Bioelectronics and biometallocatalysis for production of fuels and chemicals by photosynthetic water splitting
journal, September 1995

Photosynthetic Water Splitting: In situ Photoprecipitation of Metallocatalysts for Photoevolution of Hydrogen and Oxygen
journal, May 1994