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Title: Sizing single crystal sapphire

Abstract

Although there are several significant advantages to using single crystal sapphire as substrate material for hybrid microcircuits, the sizing of this material can be far more troublesome than the sizing of alternate material, such as polycrystal alumina. The work done in developing a satisfactory method of sizing single crystal sapphire is described. The results of sizing using grinding wheels, wire saws, and laser scribers are given. It was concluded that laser scribing is a viable method of sizing if the sapphire is grown parallel to the r plane. This takes advantage of the easy crystal cleavage planes and reduces the risk of edge chipping and nonperpendicular breaking.

Authors:
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia Labs., Albuquerque, N.Mex. (USA)
OSTI Identifier:
7357417
Report Number(s):
SAND-75-0614
DOE Contract Number:
AT(29-1)-789
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; SAPPHIRE; MACHINING; ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS; GRINDING MACHINES; LASERS; MATERIALS WORKING; MONOCRYSTALS; SUBSTRATES; WIRES; ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS; ALUMINIUM OXIDES; CHALCOGENIDES; CORUNDUM; CRYSTALS; FABRICATION; MACHINE TOOLS; MINERALS; OXIDES; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; 360201* - Ceramics, Cermets, & Refractories- Preparation & Fabrication

Citation Formats

Bushmire, D.W.. Sizing single crystal sapphire. United States: N. p., 1976. Web. doi:10.2172/7357417.
Bushmire, D.W.. Sizing single crystal sapphire. United States. doi:10.2172/7357417.
Bushmire, D.W.. Mon . "Sizing single crystal sapphire". United States. doi:10.2172/7357417. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7357417.
@article{osti_7357417,
title = {Sizing single crystal sapphire},
author = {Bushmire, D.W.},
abstractNote = {Although there are several significant advantages to using single crystal sapphire as substrate material for hybrid microcircuits, the sizing of this material can be far more troublesome than the sizing of alternate material, such as polycrystal alumina. The work done in developing a satisfactory method of sizing single crystal sapphire is described. The results of sizing using grinding wheels, wire saws, and laser scribers are given. It was concluded that laser scribing is a viable method of sizing if the sapphire is grown parallel to the r plane. This takes advantage of the easy crystal cleavage planes and reduces the risk of edge chipping and nonperpendicular breaking.},
doi = {10.2172/7357417},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1976},
month = {Mon Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1976}
}

Technical Report:

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  • These materials were stacked together for irradiation by the LLL rotating target neutron source. A description of the samples is included along with data on dosimetry. (JRD)
  • The effect of radiation on the thermal conductivity of alumina is an important design consideration in the development of microwave windows for ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) systems for the heating of plasmas in fusion reactors. Several recent papers have addressed this question at higher temperatures and the present report extends the calculation of the effect of point defects to low temperatures. This extension of the calculations to low temperatures is of interest because it has been proposed to cool these windows to liquid nitrogen temperatures in order to take advantage of the much higher thermal conductivity of alumina atmore » these temperatures.« less
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  • Accurate measurement of temperature is essential for the safe and efficient operation and control of a wide range of industrial processes. Appropriate techniques and instrumentation are needed depending on the temperature measurement requirements in different industrial processes and working environments. Harsh environments are common in many industrial applications. These harsh environments may involve extreme physical conditions, such as high-temperature, high-pressure, corrosive agents, toxicity, strong electromagnetic interference, and high-energy radiation exposure. Due to these severe environmental conditions, conventional temperature sensors are often difficult to apply. This situation has opened a new but challenging opportunity for the sensor society to provide robust,more » high-performance, and cost-effective temperature sensors capable of operating in those harsh environments. The focus of this research program has been to develop a temperature measurement system for temperature measurements in the primary and secondary stages of slagging gasifiers. For this application the temperature measurement system must be able to withstand the extremely harsh environment posed by the high temperatures and corrosive agents present in these systems. Real-time, accurate and reliable monitoring of temperature for the coal gasification process is important to realize the full economic potential of these gasification systems. Long life and stability of operation in the high temperature environment is essential for the temperature measurement system to ensure the continuous running of the coal gasification system over the long term. In this high temperature and chemically corrosive environment, rather limited high temperature measurement techniques such as high temperature thermocouples and optical/acoustic pyrometers are available, each with their own limitations. In this research program, five different temperature sensing schemes based on the single crystal sapphire material were thoroughly investigated to determine an optimal approach for on-line, real-time, reliable, long-term monitoring of temperatures inside the coal gasification environment. Among these were a sapphire fiber extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) sensor; an intensity-measurement based polarimetric sapphire sensor and a broadband polarimetric differential interferometric (BPDI) sapphire sensor. Based on the current evaluation and analysis of the experimental results, the broadband polarimetric differential interferometric (BPDI) sensor system was chosen for further prototype instrumentation development because of it's superior performance compared to the other systems. This approach is based on the self-calibrating measurement of the optical path length differences in a single-crystal sapphire disk, which is a function of both the temperature dependent birefringence and the temperature dependent dimensional changes.« less