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Title: High explosive characterization for the dice throw event

Abstract

An equation of state for detonation products was developed to describe the detonation of large charges of ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO). The equation of state will be used to predict air-blast and ground-motion effects in the Dice Throw Event. The explosive performance of ANFO is highly dependent on charge size. The equation developed from this work is applicable to heavily confined detonations 101.6 mm in diameter or larger. The equation of state is based on results from experiments in cylinders and hemispheres, and a large field test. The report contains a detailed discussion of the diagnostic and initiation techniques used in these experiments.

Authors:
; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
California Univ., Livermore (USA). Lawrence Livermore Lab.
OSTI Identifier:
7267133
Report Number(s):
UCRL-52042
DOE Contract Number:
W-7405-ENG-48
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE; CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES; EQUATIONS OF STATE; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; SIMULATION; AMMONIUM NITRATES; BLAST EFFECTS; DETONATIONS; GROUND MOTION; AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; EQUATIONS; EXPLOSIONS; EXPLOSIVES; MOTION; NITRATES; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; 450100* - Military Technology, Weaponry, & National Defense- Chemical Explosions & Explosives; 450200 - Military Technology, Weaponry, & National Defense- Nuclear Explosions & Explosives

Citation Formats

Helm, F., Finger, M., Hayes, B., Lee, E., Cheung, H., and Walton, J. High explosive characterization for the dice throw event. United States: N. p., 1976. Web. doi:10.2172/7267133.
Helm, F., Finger, M., Hayes, B., Lee, E., Cheung, H., & Walton, J. High explosive characterization for the dice throw event. United States. doi:10.2172/7267133.
Helm, F., Finger, M., Hayes, B., Lee, E., Cheung, H., and Walton, J. Wed . "High explosive characterization for the dice throw event". United States. doi:10.2172/7267133. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7267133.
@article{osti_7267133,
title = {High explosive characterization for the dice throw event},
author = {Helm, F. and Finger, M. and Hayes, B. and Lee, E. and Cheung, H. and Walton, J.},
abstractNote = {An equation of state for detonation products was developed to describe the detonation of large charges of ammonium nitrate/fuel oil (ANFO). The equation of state will be used to predict air-blast and ground-motion effects in the Dice Throw Event. The explosive performance of ANFO is highly dependent on charge size. The equation developed from this work is applicable to heavily confined detonations 101.6 mm in diameter or larger. The equation of state is based on results from experiments in cylinders and hemispheres, and a large field test. The report contains a detailed discussion of the diagnostic and initiation techniques used in these experiments.},
doi = {10.2172/7267133},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jun 16 00:00:00 EDT 1976},
month = {Wed Jun 16 00:00:00 EDT 1976}
}

Technical Report:

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  • Inexpensive techniques for protecting industrial equipment from nuclear attack environments hold great promise for permitting early repair of industrial machinery and its restoration to production following an attack. Without protection, typical industrial machines suffer 'moderate' damage at about 5 psi and 'severe' damage at about 10 psi. Equipment items representative of fragile machinery, normal machinery and rugged machinery were tested at 40, 80, 200, and 600 psi in the DICE THROW field test event excuted October 6, 1976. The test specimens were placed in trenches excavated at the four appropriate ranges from the DICE THROW explosive charge center. The specimensmore » then were surrounded by a crushable material (aluminum chips) and covered at depths from one foot to five feet with earth material removed in excavating the trenches. The results of these experiments indicate that with the use of crushable fill and with burial depth sufficient to permit earth arching, machines can be protected against overpressures up to 600 psi. However, when depths of covering were too shallow for an earth arch to develop, severe damage occurred.« less
  • Previous determinations of drag coefficients for both steady and unsteady flow are reviewed for all reported experiments at critical and supercritical Reynolds numbers. The unsolved problems remaining from earlier DRES work were found to be: end effects, dust drag loading, the discrepancies between steady and unsteady flow drag forces, and the need for a further data analysis. A new analysis is also presented for the drag coefficient as a function of flow Mach number and cylinder length-diameter ratio. A plan of test is presented for drag force measurements on cylinders during Event DICE THROW, a 628-ton AN/FO explosion held inmore » October 1976. The objectives of this experiment were to provide drag force support data for the lattice mast and all antennas in Event DICE THROW, and to extend the table of data for drag coefficients to diameters up to 18 inches. The free-flight measurement technique, using both cameras and velocity transducers for data sources, was employed on seven cylinders at 20, 10 and 7 psi overpressure levels. The expected motion of each cylinder was calculated, based on the predicted value for the drag coefficient. Finally, suggestions for the data analysis and for further research in this area are discussed.« less
  • The results of a correlation study conducted in conjunction with the UH-1B helicopter blast test during the DICE THROW event are summarized. The processed structural and motion response data from the hovering and droned helicopter are presented. They are correlated with corresponding analytical predictions based primarily on the helicopter code HELP and the aircraft structural code NOVA-2. The monitored blast-induced responses include: (1) flapwise bending moments and the flapping angles of both the tail and main rotor blade systems; (2) latera bending moments at two fin and two tail boom stations; (3) overall rigid-body motions of the vehicle consisting ofmore » the altitude variations, the attitude and angular rate variations in the yaw, pitch, and roll degrees-of-freedom; and (4) strains at selected points on a tail boom panel, a stiffener, and a longeron. Considering the qualities of the available input data for the analyses and of the measurements, the experimental results are generally in reasonable agreement with the predictions from the HELP code. The NOVA-2 predictions for panel, stiffener, and longeron strains fare poorly when compared with experiment. In some instances, significant differences are found between experiment and analysis. Whenever possible, the reasons for the disagreements are identified and discussed.« less
  • Pressure-time blast loading post-shot predictions are presented for German Structure No. 2 exposed on the Dice Throw Event. Loading curves are shown for front, side and interior structure locations.
  • The blast response of 35 ft fibreglass Whip Antennas was investigated in a free-field blast trial and in numerical simulation experiments. The antennas satisfactorily withstood the air blast loading at nominal 7.0, 10.0 and 12.2 psi peak overpressure locations in Event Dice Throw. The numerical model predictions for the natural frequencies are in excellent agreement with results obtained experimentally, however the corresponding predictions for the transient strain using drag coefficients based on previous trials were approximately double the values obtained experimentally. Subsequent revised numerical predictions for the transient strains using experimental drag coefficients obtained independently in the blast trial itselfmore » have produced results in more reasonable agreement with the experimental transient strains.« less