Effect of crop competition and herbicides on yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L. ) and root absorption, translocation, and metabolism of alachlor and metolachlor by yellow nutsedge
Field studies were conducted in 1980, 1981, and 1982 to compare management programs involving different cultural practices, at-planting herbicides, and postemergence herbicides to reduce yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) populations, in a soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. Ransom)-corn (Zea mays L. Pioneer 3161 and Pioneer 3358) rotation. In laboratory studies, alachlor and metolachlor toxicity, absorption, translocation, and metabolism were investigated in different sized yellow nutsedge plants. Exposure to herbicides was restricted to plant roots. Plant sizes evaluated were 4 to 6, 10 to 15, and 18 to 22-cm tall at experiment initiation. Concentrations of greater than 0.1 ppm of both alachlor and metolachlor reduced small yellow nutsedge plant size by more than 50%. At concentrations greater than 0.2 ppm increased growth reduction was seen from metolachlor but not from alachlor. Ten to 15-cm plants exposed to 1.6 ppm of alachlor and metolachlor had plant size reductions of 48 and 62%, respectively, after 12 days. There was no difference in root absorption of /sup 14/C alachlor or /sup 14/C metolachlor from nutrient solutions. After 8 days, greater than 40, 58, and 76% of available /sup 14/C was absorbed by small, medium and large plants, respectively. After 4 and 8 days of exposure, small yellow nutsedge plants had translocated 2.6 times as much /sup 14/C metolachlor to plant shoots than /sup 14/C alachlor. Larger plants translocated the herbicides equally. Small sized plants treated with /sup 14/C metolachlor retained greater than 23% of the parent material.
- Research Organization:
- North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 7169648
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Thesis (Ph. D.)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
CARBON 14 COMPOUNDS
METABOLISM
ROOT ABSORPTION
TRANSLOCATION
HERBICIDES
AGRICULTURE
GLYCINE HISPIDA
MAIZE
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
PEST CONTROL
TUBERS
ABSORPTION
BACTERIA
CEREALS
CONTROL
GRASS
INDUSTRY
LABELLED COMPOUNDS
LEGUMINOSAE
MICROORGANISMS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
PESTICIDES
PLANTS
RHIZOBIUM
UPTAKE
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
553006 - Agriculture & Food Technology- Other Agricultural Applications- (1987-)